tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-62340386305741623792024-03-13T11:21:35.577+00:00The MacGregor DNA ProjectThe MacGregor DNA project exists to try to answer two questions - who are the MacGregors and where do they come from? Neither of these questions will be answered absolutely nor immediately since the science behind this is still young and results are still open to discussion.MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-21043545404216282512024-01-27T23:14:00.000+00:002024-01-27T23:14:52.790+00:00MacGregor DNA Project update 2024This year’s DNA update is rather later than usual, partly because it’s not been a year where very much new has happened so it is difficult to know what might be of interest in a blog like this. I have previously discussed aspects of Scottish clanship and how what we see in the DNA reflects the diversity of origins for clans and their associated names. <div> I will begin by repeating an important fact about clans and kinship. Clans were never derived from a single surname; they were always collections of related names and septs. That means we should not expect everybody who is associated with the clan to have the same genetic profile. In many cases, we have to remember that surnames were adopted long after they first appeared, particularly in Scotland because individuals who were less well placed in society, and therefore did not sign documents or make legal agreements, often were unable to write their names. </div><div> It is true that in Scotland there was a move in the 18th century to provide at least an elementary education for all children, and in some cases children from very poor backgrounds who had particular abilities were not then confined to their social class. Much of the early work in education was done by the SSCPK (Scottish Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge)</div><div><br />The Society began to establish schools in the Highlands with the aim of reducing Jacobitism and resisting the rise of Roman Catholicism. The first school was opened on St Kilda in 1711. By the end of that year, the SSPCK had five schools, by 1715 twenty-five, by 1758 176, and by 1808 189, by which time 13,000 children were attending the schools [Wikipedia]</div><div><br /></div><div> In the Highlands particularly, surnames were not so commonly used, particularly where individuals were simply known by their patronymics - for males this was Christian name followed by son of (Mc) father’s Christian name followed by grandson of (vic) grandfather’s Christian name. It’s not surprising, then that when it came to adopting a surname, individuals chose surnames that were local, influential, or had some connection to them – it might even be the landowner’s name.
In the next section of this blog, I will discuss a new dating mechanism which is attached to Big Y results. I am using the SNP data from the main MacGregor bloodline because there are sufficient results within it to begin to try and begin to make sense of family connections going back into historic time. This therefore is a principle which can be applied to other groups of surnames both within and beyond the project.</div><div> What Big Y has shown is that clan groups are made up of many many lines which split off from each other over thousands of years. One of the latest developments which FtDNA offer is ‘Discover (Your Haplogroup story)’. This option gives you the ability to track when your terminal SNP (given by Big Y) [terminal here means the SNP which is identified as most recent in historical time to you] is estimated to have occurred, and then to track SNPs back in time to see roughly when the line split to form a new line and then back from that into more distant history. </div><div> I will say more about the dating offered by FtDNA shortly but for the moment here is an example. This individual’s terminal SNP is BY74650 estimated to have split off from S690 in 1300CE and the individual’s ancestor was ‘born’ around 1400CE (common era – that is 600+ years ago) and two individuals on current testing have that terminal SNP. The sequence back in time then goes as follows:
S690 split from BY144 around 1050 with 50 individuals from that line.
[comment: this is possibly misleading as it suggests that people with S690 should be identifiable who are NOT called MacGregor, [Gregor the genetic origin of the clan bloodline probably WAS born about 1300], but to date NO other individuals with S690 and different surnames [other than those adopted as aliases during proscription] have been identified. Also misleading is the ‘50 individuals’ bearing S690 whereas in fact in the DNA project everybody called MacGregor who is in the main bloodline group has that SNP, and that is over 200 individuals. It suggests that the 50 individuals noted by FtDNA are those who still have S690 as their terminal SNP). Going back in time from S690: </div><div><br /></div><div>BY144 split from S703 at around 750CE (55 individuals) </div><div>S703 split from FGC 59322 around 550CE (55 individuals) </div><div>FGC59322 split from S695 around 500CE (56 individuals) </div><div>S695 split from S691 around 450CE (148 individuals) </div><div>S691 split from S744 around 400CE (251 individuals) </div><div>S744 split from Z-16325 around 350CE (802 individuals) </div><div>Z-16325 split from L1065 in around 150CE </div><div><br /></div><div>Without going into detail, it’s clear that there are anomalies and approximations here. Another company, Yfull, also does dating estimates – but not for all the later SNPs – their date for S695 occurring is about 600CE and most recent ancestor 650CE, while for BY144 occurring about 650CE and most recent ancestor 1150CE. If you examine the detail on BY144 which these estimates are made at YFull you see that the range is given as between 1220 and 1447 years ago therefore the estimate is given as 1333 +30 years = 1363 years ago (there is a formula which is given on the website, so my explanation is somewhat simplistic). Anyway, 1363 years from 2023 gives 660CE as the presumed date of origin. The map given is strongly UK located with much fainter occurrence in Scandinavia [https://www.yfull.com/tree/R-S695/]. </div><div> The Yfull method for estimating time to most recent ancestor on the other hand is much more straightforward and is based on three estimates added together and divided by 3 – however again the formula for achieving the estimates is much more detailed. However, the estimate for TMRCA is 851 years before present – that is, 1172CE. Whereas the mechanism in FtDNA is not apparent, Yfull is much clearer as to how approximations have been calculated. </div><div> For the SNPs they do cover (and S690 is not one of them) the mapping component is helpful, but not recent enough. A website which maps more recent SNPs is www.genetichomeland.com. To view maps for a SNP you must register but registration is free, and you can store up to 10 maps. Note that Google Chrome seems throw up an ‘unavailable for legal reasons’ problem so a non-Google browser is better (Firefox worked best for me). </div><div> You will notice that the time estimates given by FtDNA are always rounded up or down to 50 or 100 years. The point is that these are truly estimates of when a split occurred. So, it’s important NOT to take the dates as absolute, and particularly when trying to relate two or more individuals together. A gap of 50 years between SNPs could therefore be anything from 1 to 3 generations (or more). </div><div> I have drawn out a terminal SNP chart using the approximated years given by FtDNA to show how some of the DNA lines are connected to each other. This is particularly true of the line:</div><div> </div><div>FGC17836 to FGC17835 to FT203761 to MF133765 </div><div><br /></div><div>which, using the earliest ancestor information given looks as if it might relate to the area north from the top of Loch Tay – those 2 testers who claim descent from John who died in Ontario might look to that area for origins.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA21SuZxV0Ur1Vfw8gecxyHEaLA1GHczdX-SKJkl-3zIDmV-WJ40DadAshTThJh6Ez6eEpK1KfVH1b9fPIHXnMuAncsyyYGwHAB77OvjKzxahrb_lPiOB9E0jW_qTqoyna5u6HThhNIHrPESeQ7gxzsu2-sILL5fKD2nXBaytwD2KU6afKiYzVlaCEbySn/s3723/SNP%20tree%202024.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2445" data-original-width="3723" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA21SuZxV0Ur1Vfw8gecxyHEaLA1GHczdX-SKJkl-3zIDmV-WJ40DadAshTThJh6Ez6eEpK1KfVH1b9fPIHXnMuAncsyyYGwHAB77OvjKzxahrb_lPiOB9E0jW_qTqoyna5u6HThhNIHrPESeQ7gxzsu2-sILL5fKD2nXBaytwD2KU6afKiYzVlaCEbySn/w400-h263/SNP%20tree%202024.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div>
It is interesting to note how many of the different genetic lines have an alias associated with them, reflecting the clan’s turbulent history. It might be obvious to say this but the point where the SNP divides is not, particularly in the historic SNPs, to be thought of as a place where historic divisions of MacGregor families (such as Roro and Glengyle [Dugal Ciar] took place. They are simply the point where a DNA mutation took place. This is well illustrated with the only division that produced two subsequent branches here, namely S696 and FT140264 whose shared ancestor had mutation A14374 but currently no one in the project has retained that mutation as their terminal SNP. In fact, this happens all the time in different family groups - whenever a division occurs, that indicates a shared ancestor. And in some cases, like the Stirlings, that is apparently a very recent shared ancestor. <div> No significance should be drawn from mutation happening very early on historically, nor the kit tester having that alias (e.g. Pressley), since almost all the aliases will have been taken post proscription of the MacGregor name. In towns before that there is evidence of individuals dropping the Highland ‘Mac’ because Highlanders were not particularly welcome – so we have Johnsons as an alias before 1600 as in these two entries: </div><div><br /></div><div> “1575. June 25. Advocatis against McGregor and others, George McGregour alias Johnstoun, Johne and George McGregor his sones, Duncan McGregor & Burgesses of Perth to have broken Lawborrowis5. Delayed till 15 Jan. next.
“1576. June. 2. Charter and infeftment given to Gregour McGregour alias Johnstoune, burgis of Perth, by Dene Adam Forman Prior of the Charterhouse of Perth. is rescinded by the Court of session in so far as regards the sunny half of three quarters of St. Leonards. Lee. - Decreets of Court of Session. </div><div><br /></div><div> It is worth noting that the alias Drummond is in 2 different generations (see BY39563 line) – one might hope it was the same family, but Drummond was rather a common alias for different branches of the MacGregors to take whereas Pressley came as rather a surprise. </div><div> Also, I have noticed that Ireland comes up several times when considering aliases – most notably the Boyds. What is rather unusual about the Boyds is that they split into three distinct family groups (split from S690 that is) at about the same time – presumably between 1600 and 1700 as a result of proscription and relocating to Ireland. In the book Illustrations, Historical and Genealogical of King James’s Army Lists there is the following rather fascinating entry which may give some clues to the Boyds who are MacGregors: </div><div><br /></div><div> ‘…about this time an Alexander McDonnell was appointed by Lord Tyrconnel Governor of Galway; he, in the progress of the war, became a Brigadier-General. Colonel O'Kelly, in his <i>Excidium Macario</i>, says he was a "soldier of fortune, raised by merit from the ranks;" and Croker, in his brief notes on that little work, adds that he was otherwise called.
'McGregor,' and was of Drumsna, County of Leitrim. He married in 1685 the Lady Jane Nugent, a sister of Thomas Nugent, afterwards created Lord Riverston. In December 1690, he was removed from the Government of Galway. It is remarkable that in the Outlawries of 1691 he is styled Alexander McDonnell, alias Gregor, alias Boyde, of Clonin, County of Westmeath. At the same time were attainted in Antrim, Daniel Mc Donnell of Dunluce…’ </div><div><br /></div><div> A similar process to the one done here can be applied to other surname groups, as long as there are sufficient entries from BigY tests. For example, many of the Greigs share a common Y line when the SNPs are related to each other. Anyone can check the SNP sequence of mutations to find out if the DNA results point to a common ancestor. Simply put the SNP label and ‘DNA’ into Google and select the resulting ‘FtDNA Discover’ link.
The most significant Greig line mentioned is: </div><div><br /></div><div>BY135575 [c.900CE] to FT108241 [c.1550CE] to BY212591 [c.1600] to FT106941 [c.1750] to BY166266 [c.1900]. </div><div><br /></div><div> As always if you find a problem with doing this process you can contact me at richardmcgregor1Atyahoo.co.uk [substitute @ for AT]
</div>MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-2222624037029276642022-12-23T09:44:00.002+00:002022-12-30T04:24:44.233+00:00<p><span style="text-align: center;">MacGregor DNA Project 2023</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">Welcome to the MacGregor DNA Project blog for 2023. I began last year’s DNA blog looking at how SNP results could be used to understand historical connections between surname groups and how different family groupings are suggested by subgroupings of the results. Over the past year, there has not been considerable development in terms of DNA testing other than the fact that individuals have realised the usefulness of Y700 for identifying closer family relationships. I am going to use the initial part of this blog to explore further this idea based on the fact that family tree DNA have introduced a new feature which uses scientific tools to explore potential connections between participants. I am taking examples taken from the MacGregor project and based on the main Argyllshire line as we already have some traditional sources which suggest when family groups split off from the main branch.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"> I want to begin with an example which appears to show a family connection within the last 250 years, and which suggested that individuals that appeared in two family trees could in fact be brothers – which in turn led to a search in parish registers for an appropriate family living in the area from where it was believed these individuals lived. In this ftdna example our 2 participants are suggested to have close familial connection dating to approximately 1802. As it happens that is slightly too late as we appear to be dealing with two brothers but given the proximity to 1800 of the averaging process it was determined that these two participants ancestors were more than likely related.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiczAoUYQ8PabtWiplVgRUqEF3afFzJXrViasoyaoci53dB27BZkVWKtcCHpwFsBxwQTHeC67FibDk0kt7VRT6TwgwxSRVn6S6BDlXr_NMOkR-4CLxB8rc8pYp9Sm9RzolUa8X9NYC83KCK4t5hhzBu1r0a8coKUroKTQqrmRasWj22wqbhcS7KnHZ_WA/s1868/Fig%201A.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="940" data-original-width="1868" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiczAoUYQ8PabtWiplVgRUqEF3afFzJXrViasoyaoci53dB27BZkVWKtcCHpwFsBxwQTHeC67FibDk0kt7VRT6TwgwxSRVn6S6BDlXr_NMOkR-4CLxB8rc8pYp9Sm9RzolUa8X9NYC83KCK4t5hhzBu1r0a8coKUroKTQqrmRasWj22wqbhcS7KnHZ_WA/s320/Fig%201A.png" width="320" /></a></div></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> Fig 1: two closely genetically related individuals – with SNP BY23340.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">It seems that BY23340 is a relatively modern terminal SNP as can be seen in this graphic analysis:</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfT2SQpBQmgOE7fV8-3RXsIL4mBAAAAv5OLA72nzI2AfIPexnbzeH_IjCCoR7VPbQ-BDUWtPC7FKl2VxcWTEdKrZGxtD_bRm9LFs2Bo32h2ptznehKeCGwDeiT5eh6ZGQiJ0XCmcqWCb2ehEiSQtwT2LOPldaVw_JNZpe9OU_FtDu3npaLcViP0aSDFA/s2008/Fig%202a.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1470" data-original-width="2008" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfT2SQpBQmgOE7fV8-3RXsIL4mBAAAAv5OLA72nzI2AfIPexnbzeH_IjCCoR7VPbQ-BDUWtPC7FKl2VxcWTEdKrZGxtD_bRm9LFs2Bo32h2ptznehKeCGwDeiT5eh6ZGQiJ0XCmcqWCb2ehEiSQtwT2LOPldaVw_JNZpe9OU_FtDu3npaLcViP0aSDFA/s320/Fig%202a.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNaWDrNg1MxwthNSbLzAOVr-oo4ukeyG-uG5shZ8ZsD_9nlU-UQKwGIiW7ctsmy-BQhfKytF1MQYjbzz3hxwQE_unYRuDCqakRfKPOSs2SM5bJV_rz4ekBAQYJ0ECGerU1JMuNeGtErM1-5uZrtdzJEQfEhFr5Yz-3Kz_BYT9rBEOcCWY4tYa5vvKiTg/s2072/Fig%202b.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1002" data-original-width="2072" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNaWDrNg1MxwthNSbLzAOVr-oo4ukeyG-uG5shZ8ZsD_9nlU-UQKwGIiW7ctsmy-BQhfKytF1MQYjbzz3hxwQE_unYRuDCqakRfKPOSs2SM5bJV_rz4ekBAQYJ0ECGerU1JMuNeGtErM1-5uZrtdzJEQfEhFr5Yz-3Kz_BYT9rBEOcCWY4tYa5vvKiTg/s320/Fig%202b.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">Fig 2a: graphic representation of the DNA relationship between two individuals and Fig 2b the Mean which suggests a date of 1802.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">In Fig 3. we see how this is projected forward:</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn2r8AzPDDBRGds5j9BIWV4oNyH5HfEEIYQYgmtV0R-IJQq1Tu2ZF6tp2eyF-WzxjIS9ihlMGxP6Y-Q15sMlQYxR3fV8wsajrgslqoQiSMUG7umaza_ZZ9xwURpd9hTl5vVD9UGlb9Ecae-vXcSf4DKUuENkrf20jwPwA6DDOOu5emVcIq2bb9abC-MQ/s2008/Fig%203.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="2008" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn2r8AzPDDBRGds5j9BIWV4oNyH5HfEEIYQYgmtV0R-IJQq1Tu2ZF6tp2eyF-WzxjIS9ihlMGxP6Y-Q15sMlQYxR3fV8wsajrgslqoQiSMUG7umaza_ZZ9xwURpd9hTl5vVD9UGlb9Ecae-vXcSf4DKUuENkrf20jwPwA6DDOOu5emVcIq2bb9abC-MQ/s320/Fig%203.png" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"> Fig 3: How this translates into two related lines today.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">This parish register research suggested that two brothers James and Robert were the children of Alexander who lived in Stevenston, Ayrshire in the second half of the 18</span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none; font-size: 13.3px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>th</sup></span><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> century.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> SNP – R-S696</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">In the MacGregor results one SNP, which was identified almost a decade ago by Jim Walker, has significance as it is borne by the Chief’s family and two others (both related to emigrants to America whose earlier histories are not recorded). The SNP is labelled R-S696.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlhkk-C4rtIGUMld_MeMd5xGpJv_ubd__k2s_0P9XU9BN1PLzK4_tXSOSWbzFADJW-BXZiP9Kwjcf0egAgJ6eXprR0cY7AFo1kxIm4f6W1LALZYI0LjwxHTv2JqqaUJKEO4oOwrhP70iyuQBo2Oq2DygRR0Gp7YvI_zzjwFaFqS4Qi0FmkK3CWNbqzaw/s2048/Fig%204.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1492" data-original-width="2048" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlhkk-C4rtIGUMld_MeMd5xGpJv_ubd__k2s_0P9XU9BN1PLzK4_tXSOSWbzFADJW-BXZiP9Kwjcf0egAgJ6eXprR0cY7AFo1kxIm4f6W1LALZYI0LjwxHTv2JqqaUJKEO4oOwrhP70iyuQBo2Oq2DygRR0Gp7YvI_zzjwFaFqS4Qi0FmkK3CWNbqzaw/s320/Fig%204.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> Fig 4: The genetic descendant to S696</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">The graphic in Fig 4 is slightly misleading as it only relates two SNPs whereas in fact R-A14374 is a descendant of S690 and we already know that S690 arose about 1300-1350. The suggested split of A14374 sometime in the early to mid 1500s seems very likely, and that S696 did indeed happen not too long after the banning (proscription) of the MacGregor name following the Massacre of Glenfruin in 1603. The fact that two of the participants with S696 ended up in America but with no known genealogies available suggests that they may have gone there during the time of proscription to escape the personal danger and legal difficulties that were in force at that time. Proscription lasted from 1603 to 1660 when Charles II became King after the Commonwealth collapsed. Proscription was reimposed in 1692 following the unsuccessful attempt to restore the catholic King James II to the throne since the MacGregors were largely supporters of the Stuart cause. The second period of proscription was principally legal in nature but lasted through to November 1774.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1maysKZYm-sapwBY97Qwee5EZMHvt7gQ9B8z7ENaWFm2pSQ6JWmkWjFo2-am7_YCRy8GTXX2sOX9jbzZXAdU8hD4AB_DqEaoroCoGtAavvWD5fxeV6qXtffHaQ_rFXpoRj24XuBt0q9tmXhbXrgkzHM8inTMc55prirDfIfZ69stzYbQtWh6lSn1Ljw/s1936/Fig%205.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1338" data-original-width="1936" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1maysKZYm-sapwBY97Qwee5EZMHvt7gQ9B8z7ENaWFm2pSQ6JWmkWjFo2-am7_YCRy8GTXX2sOX9jbzZXAdU8hD4AB_DqEaoroCoGtAavvWD5fxeV6qXtffHaQ_rFXpoRj24XuBt0q9tmXhbXrgkzHM8inTMc55prirDfIfZ69stzYbQtWh6lSn1Ljw/s320/Fig%205.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Fig 5: other lines related to S696.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">You can see from this diagram that there is a younger line (FT140264) from the same descent. One of these participants has a genealogy suggesting a Glengyle MacGregor connection which has been discussed in the last three blogs (Rob Roy MacGregor was a Glengyle). In summary: there was a gap in the documentary evidence at c1800 which threw doubt on that family connection and that instead this participant comes from the main MacGregor family (that is, of Brackley)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> One final example will show, I hope, how accurate this scientific predicting could turn out to be. It is well known within MacGregor genealogies that the main line split into 4 main houses – Glengyle or more correctly Dugall Keir (as later epitomised by Rob Roy), as mentioned, was one, MacGregor (main line – Brackley) another, Roro (based on a location in Glenlyon near Fortingall in Perthshire) was a third and the family (Sleik [sliochd = tribe]). of Gregor vcIan.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> The family based in Roro were known to be there from about 1460, so this Time Tree for SNP R-BY54364, carried by a descendant who has a good claim to have Roro descent, is therefore suggestive that the claim is accurate.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidoR5iFycsxCcBQc5uNy-ldmmgNpCCWyUZd-nZ6B5lEnCQbeMjM7lioi_JVOKhoWHfQzOgCf1d24dM04UpkmRYnr7_8ocErvtAmtD-ElrrP8l0TdJyCYOGEiuetP86ORvEQaFY-smbCsWqp5QNNI-21FqyndFPq3MOIvMeGryreKI9g4Go2hZu5wrW1g/s2008/Fig%206a.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1540" data-original-width="2008" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidoR5iFycsxCcBQc5uNy-ldmmgNpCCWyUZd-nZ6B5lEnCQbeMjM7lioi_JVOKhoWHfQzOgCf1d24dM04UpkmRYnr7_8ocErvtAmtD-ElrrP8l0TdJyCYOGEiuetP86ORvEQaFY-smbCsWqp5QNNI-21FqyndFPq3MOIvMeGryreKI9g4Go2hZu5wrW1g/s320/Fig%206a.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit0FIS6cINWuFhDVT57FRgSuga1IRNprb1-oX4E_uJeMC369jrfrdIOWY68037OxjT1NuLx5mYBrhtwU8RIGRJ4rRKAvA8lgvQ-T9n4btVSeaRxYUYcFVASt_QDFahabexjmzTxgTRyc_g9sEJUVuH0KXQRhFTvlz1eRX_Hwnnx2esoIqv-7FSyh69Sg/s2008/Fig%206b.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1260" data-original-width="2008" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit0FIS6cINWuFhDVT57FRgSuga1IRNprb1-oX4E_uJeMC369jrfrdIOWY68037OxjT1NuLx5mYBrhtwU8RIGRJ4rRKAvA8lgvQ-T9n4btVSeaRxYUYcFVASt_QDFahabexjmzTxgTRyc_g9sEJUVuH0KXQRhFTvlz1eRX_Hwnnx2esoIqv-7FSyh69Sg/s320/Fig%206b.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> Figs 6a/b: the genetic split that suggests the origin of the Roro family of MacGregors</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">The above discussion of SNP connections is clearly still somewhat speculative, but, since we know that S690 split off around 1300, or slightly later, leading to the establishment of the MacGregor main bloodline, then the results do begin to help us identify family groupings post 1300. We can see that so far there are seventeen family lines currently identified, some reaching back to the late Medieval/early Renaissance, and others (as in Fig 1) much later. This shows the importance of as many individuals undertaking the Y700 test, particularly those who have more comprehensive genealogies, so that more inter-family relationships can be established. To end this section here is the current family descent tree for S690 as revealed by Y700.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx-hVs0Lkdd6du2r596aXtVoxpXGkZBO-OdDGNw0qfa99tk5TuN5B6zCDMpRvI5svsTEunzyWnsH_YpWctymC27ZBm_eSLMg1NbfqtEijQ8Tc8ApVPj-Y4RohooTRv332J4yWoUfKHzZvsG2YcGBUiFfd9ZeCwhqZgWb3qPHA4SHNXIGFLBc-8pNeTvQ/s2574/Fig%207.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="2574" height="64" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx-hVs0Lkdd6du2r596aXtVoxpXGkZBO-OdDGNw0qfa99tk5TuN5B6zCDMpRvI5svsTEunzyWnsH_YpWctymC27ZBm_eSLMg1NbfqtEijQ8Tc8ApVPj-Y4RohooTRv332J4yWoUfKHzZvsG2YcGBUiFfd9ZeCwhqZgWb3qPHA4SHNXIGFLBc-8pNeTvQ/s320/Fig%207.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">Fig 7: MacGregor Y700 test results as at December 2022</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">For the second half of this blog I want to go back to questions I am often asked:</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 48px; text-align: start; text-indent: -24px;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">1)</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-kerning: none; font-size: 9.3px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">What is a clan?</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">Six hundred years ago this question was quite simple to answer. You would have been born with the name or you would have adopted it, rather than being called by a patronymic (e.g. John MacPatrick vicDonald = John son of Patrick son of Donald). The name itself then becomes complicated with non-standardised spelling and attempts to render Gaelic into English which meant that, in the MacGregors’ case, the word might be expressed as Gregor, Grigor, MacGregor, McGrigor, McGregor with a whole range of alternative spellings. There were also accepted variants, such as Grierson, or Grier, Greig/Grieg/Grig etc. These were understood to be shortened (or ‘anglicised’) versions of the main clan name. So, Grier-son equals Gregor-son and Grier is the same name without the ‘son’ on the end. Whether or not the people bearing these accepted names were genetically related to the main family line was not the point, since the clan was composed of members using a collection of related surnames who recognised, as Chief, the head of the main line (the Chief of the MacGregors for example).</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> The time of Proscription (when using the name MacGregor was banned), also caused a great many <b>different surnames </b>to be associated with Clan Gregor, many as the result of the adoption of an alias (such as Stirling, Drummond, Bain, Black, Campbell – hence Rob Roy’s alias of Robert Campbell).</span></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 144px; text-align: start; text-indent: 48px;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 48px; text-align: start; text-indent: -24px;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">2)</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-kerning: none; font-size: 9.3px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">What is a sept?</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">Other clan members bearing different names were from <b>septs </b>or associated groups of the clan. Sometimes the same name can appear on several lists of accepted septs for different clans. This is the case for the surname King, for example: for MacGregors this surname was certainly thought to connect to the clan motto ‘Royal is my Race’.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 48px; text-align: start; text-indent: -24px;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">3)</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-kerning: none; font-size: 9.3px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">We have male MacGregors in our tree, how can they test?</span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s3" style="background-color: white; font-kerning: none;">Go to www.familytreedna.com, use the surname search box for ‘MacGregor’ and follow hotlinks on that name until you get to the project join page then select Y chromosome testing for one of the males – do at least 37 markers or any number of markers above this number.</span></p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 24px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 48px; text-align: start; text-indent: -24px;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">4)</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-kerning: none; font-size: 9.3px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">Why are there no family grids/list of results for Ancestry/Family Finder results and can I not prove my genetic connection to MacGregors that way and appear on the list?</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">From here I am largely repeating some text from my 2017 blog.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p7" style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">There has been a noticeable increase in the number of individuals taking the test known as ‘<b><i>Family Finder’</i>,</b> or something similar, rather than Y chromosome or mtDNA tests. This has probably been as a result of quite aggressive marketing by Ancestry.com [it has a variety of website endings depending on where it is based] in particular. This has promoted the equal use of DNA testing for both males and females, and tied it into the submission of family trees which individual testers can use to identify the same family name(s) with others who have tested and submitted their genealogies. What has perhaps been rather glossed over in this is the fact, firstly, that DNA gets ‘lost’ over time – if it didn’t, we would have the DNA of billions of ancestors in our bodies, and, secondly, that it is only a tiny portion of our DNA which is currently being examined for genealogical purposes.</span></p><p class="p7" style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> <b>You do not inherit 25% of your autosomal ancestry from each of your 4 grandparents</b>. This is because your autosomal DNA is randomly recombined, and not in equal proportions from each parent, and so the more you go back in time the percentage inherited from people in a particular generation becomes smaller and smaller and therefore the more distant the ancestor is the more difficult it becomes to identify what you received from that person. What then are the chances of that same bit of DNA being preserved from a specific ancestor in yourself and someone else? For example, if your name is, say, Smith, and your male MacGregor ancestor lived 10 generations ago on your mother’s side it is really not feasible with today’s technology to identify that ancestor’s DNA by looking at your DNA today. The tests which are offered by Ancestry, Family Tree DNA etc. only try to identify links to 5/6 generations back. The key thing to remember is that if you and someone else have, say, people called Brown in your trees it does not necessarily mean that you have a recent ancestor in common, or indeed that you have any ancestor called Brown in common at all. For these tests of connection to work properly, you, and the person you are comparing with, need to have <b>as much genealogical information as possible on every ancestral line</b> in your respective trees, going back 5 or 6 generations (and that you both have a significant shared portion of DNA). This test works best for up to third cousin. You have 4 grandparents, 8 great grandparents and 16 great great grandparents and beyond that it is usually very difficult to have all ancestral lines documented.</span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s4" style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"> </span><span class="s3" style="background-color: white; font-kerning: none;">So, you and the person you are comparing with both have to put all your family information into one of the computer genealogy programs (like Family Tree Maker, Reunion etc.), save it as a GEDCOM file, and upload it to whichever DNA company with which you have both tested your autosomal DNA. The possible links between the two family trees are then highlighted in some way which allows a comparison of ancestry to be made in order to explore if there is a family match on some surname. As /I said in the previous paragraph the fact that there is a match on surname does not necessarily mean that it is the same family, only that there is a surname in common. Clearly the more unusual the surname, the more likely that the match will be with the same family.</span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s3" style="background-color: white; font-kerning: none;"> I give an example from my own ancestry. Using the compare options on the top of the page I find this result:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5vDGAWIajmYdV7R-08Mmomon8Ww-ucoLfo3EKgqUf-1AXVCnZrpiVhAupQD2PvVTPQI4GkMjgAkDL7L6aQlOwmPNjHlfJ5I1DAeZrOzo72qOO7nYcxM1vYB1qepxATDBmkYnEaGThS-AUPyqVIlK7ktnA72VbC24kU9RimCZnAG0cJAIwPi3c_1nbrA/s1914/Fig.8.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1068" data-original-width="1914" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5vDGAWIajmYdV7R-08Mmomon8Ww-ucoLfo3EKgqUf-1AXVCnZrpiVhAupQD2PvVTPQI4GkMjgAkDL7L6aQlOwmPNjHlfJ5I1DAeZrOzo72qOO7nYcxM1vYB1qepxATDBmkYnEaGThS-AUPyqVIlK7ktnA72VbC24kU9RimCZnAG0cJAIwPi3c_1nbrA/s320/Fig.8.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> Fig 8: comparison results for FMS (full mitochondrial sequence) and X-match.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">For x-match the x means ‘not a match’ and the ‘-‘ means no result. The 9 matches that I do have all have 3 variants except for two individuals who match me either exactly or with one variant. For obvious reasons I have edited out the names if those who match. This is My mother’s side (and her mtDNA) and unfortunately her family history knowledge was non-existent.</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: Times; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJr-HeA0x9g-u_6Q_qfmCg8ChaU9We1iHojvStljhZhkfDBeGAYSSuO0KPMiYq7JHHCB0gpfnDPc8cXpq2RvER3WibzVKASKd-z7Ttr-fQ8Bye_H7CgtCm2JKw0cHqi1HbAz7RFS4w9iqKUkd5R9qPKGmibQwEesTKtRxDL7Osh-PX1DjrqcSkG3ovfg/s1844/Fig.9.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1460" data-original-width="1844" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJr-HeA0x9g-u_6Q_qfmCg8ChaU9We1iHojvStljhZhkfDBeGAYSSuO0KPMiYq7JHHCB0gpfnDPc8cXpq2RvER3WibzVKASKd-z7Ttr-fQ8Bye_H7CgtCm2JKw0cHqi1HbAz7RFS4w9iqKUkd5R9qPKGmibQwEesTKtRxDL7Osh-PX1DjrqcSkG3ovfg/s320/Fig.9.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> Fig 9: a search using Family Finder</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;">I have 171 pages of matches, and this is fairly common, but almost all are 3</span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none; font-size: 13.3px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>rd</sup></span><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> to 5</span><span class="s2" style="font-kerning: none; font-size: 13.3px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>th</sup></span><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> cousin or distant, and only one is described as a first cousin to second cousin. In fact I am his second cousin. Interestingly his son is described as my second to fourth cousin, and he is actually my second cousin once removed. None of the other participants show surnames I can relate to, and about half of the participants have given no family genealogy background at all which means that it is impossible to work out the relationship, although in most cases a contact email is available. My experience here is quite typical of what happens with Ancestry-based tests and it would be good if more people who do DNA tests for genealogy could be encouraged to upload trees – or even just a list of ancestral surnames.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> As a project administrator I am very aware of the need to keep participants’ personal details secure and in familytreedna I can only undertake changes if given ‘Advanced Access’ (and the default for familytreedna is ‘Limited’ so I am unable to update most participants’ earliest known ancestor tab which means that the results grid has gaps). I would encourage everyone who reads this to update their information – it helps both the participant and others.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"> To end with, I repeat my final paragraph from last year’s blog, which can easily be accessed from the side menu:</span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s3" style="color: black; font-kerning: none;"> </span><span class="s4" style="background-color: white; font-kerning: none;">You will have noticed that again I have not used spider diagrams. I now prefer to offer individuals the possibility of seeing a spider diagram (Y chromosome only) for their own result, generated for them alone. You can see the sort of spider diagrams I mean by looking at previous versions of this blog. If you would like me to generate one for you, ask me offline and suggest up to 12 individuals with whom you would wish to be compared by reference to their kit number (for me to be able to do that these 12 need to be in the MacGregor project). You can email me on chairmanATclangregor.org [change AT to @ - I just want to avoid spam!).</span></p></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><br /><span class="s2" style="font-family: Times; font-kerning: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><br /></span></p></div><p class="p5" style="color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s3" style="background-color: white; font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></p></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></p></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></p></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"><br /><span class="Apple-converted-space"><br /></span></span></p></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></p></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /><span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"><br /></span></p></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /><span class="Apple-converted-space"><br /></span></p>MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-85332738385883098242022-01-05T01:37:00.001+00:002022-01-05T01:39:23.837+00:00<p></p><div style="text-align: left;"> MacGregor Project Blog 2022</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;">Welcome to my annual blog for the MacGregor DNA project. This past year has not seen a great deal of development in the relationship between genealogy and DNA as far as the project is concerned, although it has been good to observe that people have used the opportunity of being at home during the pandemic to do more genealogy, and to order</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;"> </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;">Y700 tests which will, during next year, as the results begin to gather, potentially allow for more focused research on the various family relationships which are being revealed by the SNP links. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;"> To begin this discussion I thought it would be useful to show how SNPs can be used to suggest origins, not just genetic, but geographic. This year, therefore, I am presenting case study based on the McAdam, Macpherson, and Irish results. The second half of this blog will consist of an update on Gregg (Greig/Gragg) and Gregory SNPs, and conclude with comments on the Rob Roy descendant discussion, following on from last year’s blog.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;"> McPherson/McAdam</span></div><p></p><div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;">During the year, I was contacted by a McPherson participant who could not work out why in his Y700 results his nearest matches were McAdams. The genealogical origins of the two surnames are quite different. Macpherson as a surname is mostly associated with a group of families originating in the south of Inverness-shire – round the areas of Kingussie, Newtonmore, Insch and Laggan (see this parish map for location <a href="%22"><span class="s1" style="color: #0563c1;">http://www.scotlandsfamily.com/parish-map-inverness.htm</span></a>). The McAdams on the other hand mostly originated in south west Scotland below the central belt, more or less the opposite end of the country. They also were found in Ireland and there is a fairly direct connection between Southwest Scotland and Ireland.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>If we look at the spider diagram for the McAdams [also Adam, McAdam and McCadam] (Figure 1) who are in the MacGregor Project we can see that there is a very large group, and then several apparently unrelated singles (such as 499181) or pairs (such as 510026 and 49834) results.</p></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjy_WHLtn_moyxmAL6WfBBuKF-mw6zp6oeRbPzLZvqs5FVcM21SEgIQBPyHYRDGiAedsdWnv9C6P3Dv5KJaXq-OHKF5br5p3cQtbEhGq1H_2Y4d_pCI0FJSGtP96n8vBUFWJV7RANCiC0YrSU2ujGs9ouc88dqb3oYgDTFxvd4sOQapWlfFxkzDsug-Ag=s2556" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1294" data-original-width="2556" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjy_WHLtn_moyxmAL6WfBBuKF-mw6zp6oeRbPzLZvqs5FVcM21SEgIQBPyHYRDGiAedsdWnv9C6P3Dv5KJaXq-OHKF5br5p3cQtbEhGq1H_2Y4d_pCI0FJSGtP96n8vBUFWJV7RANCiC0YrSU2ujGs9ouc88dqb3oYgDTFxvd4sOQapWlfFxkzDsug-Ag=w320-h162" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Figure 1: McAdam/Adam/McCadam</p><div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Next, in Figure 2, the kit numbers for those results which seem to suggest an Irish origin, which, in a good number of cases, is confirmed by known genealogy (plus IN100960 McPherson)</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZk32-fUGaUviQCi3j9adcZEMR25jmmSdOe6JfJudxDAbLXvuuM5FtwfTGmj0sKu3l5xy3mIfH_D0cHnAHkrT4C_GJIRkHM3VmTJQsDCydSPkk8j0gmm5JXQzO6c3pLGBsQzgYUAcU4jrmxKsLzPRLkuEyYMGLfwfw-x1Au_wzh4ytPOUqgadx_XqD9A=s1932" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1542" data-original-width="1932" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZk32-fUGaUviQCi3j9adcZEMR25jmmSdOe6JfJudxDAbLXvuuM5FtwfTGmj0sKu3l5xy3mIfH_D0cHnAHkrT4C_GJIRkHM3VmTJQsDCydSPkk8j0gmm5JXQzO6c3pLGBsQzgYUAcU4jrmxKsLzPRLkuEyYMGLfwfw-x1Au_wzh4ytPOUqgadx_XqD9A=w320-h255" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Figure 2:</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="text-align: left;"> </span><span style="text-align: left;">McAdam/Adam/McCadam group connected with Ireland (bottom right)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Figure 3 shows the spider chart for the Irish group (all the charts are based on 67 markers):</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjuwAZ8Vb1PChEFC4xi9Fncof6d31MX1lTnwyZGEXoFrXEtU_TNznELZDcSQ3TrY-Ejazf0qmbvNW_c2pzd7KZFAEYjX7ZQfvoSwGTZ5F1_dWiJF9O2zU8YijFOZp_vAiaHan_DDf9jFD6yIOqUnsNJGX2uOcqWje8CuSbLKeKBrieK-ANtPkA1z-gBkw=s1948" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1352" data-original-width="1948" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjuwAZ8Vb1PChEFC4xi9Fncof6d31MX1lTnwyZGEXoFrXEtU_TNznELZDcSQ3TrY-Ejazf0qmbvNW_c2pzd7KZFAEYjX7ZQfvoSwGTZ5F1_dWiJF9O2zU8YijFOZp_vAiaHan_DDf9jFD6yIOqUnsNJGX2uOcqWje8CuSbLKeKBrieK-ANtPkA1z-gBkw=w320-h222" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Figure 3: the Irish group (kit numbers only)</p><p></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">In Figure 4 I have overlaid those McAdam results onto the Irish results and included the kit numbers with the addition of the first letters of the surnames (this being all the program will allow me to do). However, you will see that the McAdams in that tight group of results is embedded within the Irish results – for example kit 165907 or kit 183682. This suggests that these surname groups arose in the same location but in different individuals, creating strong genetic relationships which are not indicated by the surnames. You can see that the Irish group, which appears to have three separate branches coming from the main stem, contains various surnames including White, Black, and, what is especially notable, a tight and separate group of Grier/Greers.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDsx5j_mTLTIl1LVuHpe_ssdKpa5KUk81UbqVU1UlVl3JLve7dPPE40VIo5SSJp-KkhLXc5fpK5q9w8iMHkXX77qnXHmn1SJLkKXgSnnNacH-3Dc7IyZRl-w1kSXwoU5kGQvu_aY9oVBIeR9eF9TXHGt6GKhviYWGutBDrZZrjpNtMhdx8kHF9i6MEEQ=s2722" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1516" data-original-width="2722" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDsx5j_mTLTIl1LVuHpe_ssdKpa5KUk81UbqVU1UlVl3JLve7dPPE40VIo5SSJp-KkhLXc5fpK5q9w8iMHkXX77qnXHmn1SJLkKXgSnnNacH-3Dc7IyZRl-w1kSXwoU5kGQvu_aY9oVBIeR9eF9TXHGt6GKhviYWGutBDrZZrjpNtMhdx8kHF9i6MEEQ=w320-h178" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Figure 4: McAdam results and McPherson IN100960 embedded in the Irish group</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">One thing I do need to mention at this stage is the limitation of STR testing and subsequent mapping of relationships. Since STR mutations are random, comparisons of results can be influenced by the occurrence of a mutation earlier in the sequence of 37, 67 or 111 markers – in other words if a mutation occurs in the first 25 numbers as read from left to right the program assumes that this is a significant mutation, because, in the early days of DNA testing for genealogy certain markers were chosen because they mutated more rarely than others.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>With the program assuming that a mutation in this area is more significant it is possible for an individual’s results to be grouped with others which have that same mutation rather than the program ignoring that and focusing on later mutations so occasion misalignments may take place.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>This limitation alone makes the use of terminal SNP testing more reliable for grouping individuals together (and why Y700 uses the SNP tree format designed by Alex Williamson and which Family Tree DNA call Block Tree). I discuss the meaning of ‘terminal SNP’ later (see the subsection heading below).</p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Now to return to the question which I began with. In Figure 3 kit number IN100960 is McPherson and it is quite clearly in the same group as the McAdams but the line is longer indicating greater predicted passage of time since the shared ancestor. The most obvious interpretation of this result is that IN100960’s ancestor originally came from Ireland pre surnames. It is said that Ireland seems to have had the earliest use of surnames but by the 12<sup>th</sup> century it was only really the highest class who would be using them, while most of the population would be known by patronymics (e.g. John son of Patrick son of John). The Ancestry blog website <a href="%22"><span class="s1" style="color: #0563c1;">https://blogs.ancestry.com/cm/history-of-irish-surnames-is-yours-here/</span></a> says the following:</p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">‘It was around the 1100s, as the population was increasing, that people in the upper social classes started taking hereditary surnames (those that remain fixed over the generations); others didn’t need surnames, or even get around to them, until the 1500s’</p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Perhaps the earliest that that IN100960’s ancestor could have come over to Scotland would have been in the settlements that took place not long after 500AD, but it could equally be much later especially since the distance between Ireland and the Mull of Kintyre in Scotland is just 15 miles across the North Channel between the two land masses.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Over several centuries one can imagine the movement of people who were originally settled in Argyllshire migrating further north to Inverness-shire, so that one of IN100960’s ancestors found himself in the lands of the MacPhersons, and, instead of using patronymics started to use the surname of the local landowners.</p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>What I have just suggested follows the DNA and social history and is perfectly possible as an interpretation of IN100960’s DNA result, but it should be noted that it is only one interpretation. There are still comparatively few individuals who have DNA tested to find their terminal SNP but of those that are available, and checking not just the terminal SNP, but also those which came immediately before it shows that there are related individuals in Scotland and Ireland. It is possible to look at results which have been mapped onto a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>very useful SNP mapping website:</p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="s1" style="color: #0563c1; text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="%22">https://www.genetichomeland.com/homeland.asp</a></span>. You have to register to use this site but once registered (it’s free) you can map the results for most SNPs which gives you geographic locations for these SNPs and you can save a limited number of maps for individual SNPs to your account.</p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Finally, it is important to remember that there are other reasons for the adoption of a surname, and in particular death of father and the adoption of a stepfather’s surname, and illegitimacy, where the child is named for the mother’s surname, being the most common.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> Grieg(Greig/Grig/Gragg/Gregg)/Gregory</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Having previously explored the results for Grieg and Gregory I thought that it would be interesting to see if there was any link between them, always remembering that while those who test are a random sample of the population they include a high proportion of those in America who may in fact be related as a result of genealogical connections which have occurred in America/Canada over the last 400 years.</p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Figure 5 shows the complete picture of the two surname groups in order to show those results which lie on the right of the Figure and belong to quite separate genetic groups. Starting from the top, 275997 is Gregory but the haplogroup is J which has its origins in the fertile crescent or further east in west Asia. The larger group with 877623 etc contains the surnames Gregory and Gregg – and these have Viking origins (haplogroup I). 239031 (Gregor) is haplogroup T which also originated in West Asia.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Finally, 212046 is from Haplogroup R1a which spread from eastern Europe but may have originated in India.</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaAZCyupeQlOemAU_9HOHZP0jEISCQ2Ir3u_jQpt4iugybmhWPC_T3cdMKwsiAXf9triqhC1hgMNSg1G24Id-MZEYVU7wNevWsfeaWaEb43jsGu2_skeSfyQWi6Wnj41J-T6H3ZGiMchu8tpWyGLovmbWGl2MnVmQdWxLPBKmUovat3P9TCHlm2R4Odg=s2198" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1556" data-original-width="2198" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaAZCyupeQlOemAU_9HOHZP0jEISCQ2Ir3u_jQpt4iugybmhWPC_T3cdMKwsiAXf9triqhC1hgMNSg1G24Id-MZEYVU7wNevWsfeaWaEb43jsGu2_skeSfyQWi6Wnj41J-T6H3ZGiMchu8tpWyGLovmbWGl2MnVmQdWxLPBKmUovat3P9TCHlm2R4Odg=w320-h227" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Figure 5: Gregg/Gregory all results</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Figure 6 is a close-up of the much larger collection of Griegs (Greig/Gregg/Grig/Gragg) most of which can be seen beginning with ‘Gr’ while the Gregories are shown as “GY’. What this shows are two discrete large unrelated groups, one of Greigs (including 29673) and one of Gregories (including 8100). Then, apart from three much smaller groups, [the first in the bottom right which has a collection of Griggs, Graggs and a Gregg (e.g. 372126) and the second near the middle bottom of Gregg and Gragg (including 851482), and third, a quartet of Gregories (including 374579)], almost all the rest are either singles or pairs of results which lie some distance from their common point of origin (the split point where their lines divide). Only one pair looks as though they could have been related, namely, 950624 Griggs and N52932 Gregory but they only share a point of origin and are not otherwise a related pair.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXNPa5m2zhllVRcoMg9iVu_gv8rRwY2pUWYKAOrpUCKvnKc2Uw_ABNQ0tDn7WE144jn78Tq961Lu8A7HXzSmO0oRycRxqzmFdFuAp74Pyusu1_msqYWnsnqTfkcHPMkz4fImeWKYEtB4ALLY89EIXL87DfXJUOaL3xnAt_KSu20EUQqpcFiPGH-OGzdg=s2334" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1556" data-original-width="2334" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXNPa5m2zhllVRcoMg9iVu_gv8rRwY2pUWYKAOrpUCKvnKc2Uw_ABNQ0tDn7WE144jn78Tq961Lu8A7HXzSmO0oRycRxqzmFdFuAp74Pyusu1_msqYWnsnqTfkcHPMkz4fImeWKYEtB4ALLY89EIXL87DfXJUOaL3xnAt_KSu20EUQqpcFiPGH-OGzdg=w320-h213" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Figure 6: close up of Grieg (all variants) and Gregory results</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"> Terminal SNPs</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Figure 7 adds the terminal SNPs which have, so far, been tested for these two surnames. To understand the significance of a terminal SNP it is important to understand that, in almost all cases, a SNP is a point on the Y chromosome which has become a fixed point in the genetic tree. Very early on in DNA genealogy the SNP R-M269 was the most recent SNP used to classify individual results for the R haplogroup common in Europe, but that SNP appeared sometime between 4000 and 10,000 years before the present. More recent SNP research and identification has been able to create a family tree of SNPs reaching down through time towards the present. So, a terminal SNP represents the most recent occurrence currently known to research. The company YFull publish a tree where some of the SNPs in sequence have approximate dates assigned – however more recent SNPs are mostly as yet undated.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_XIfErAQVptAqXkFuY5D4jbJx9nlvqJHpZWlfmY8WdghHCiLjtydrjPddvT76NmAKeYkowg_ghk8kJaEZOE694grxTXrrdtz3qhtjMx0bR902ejmez49MbRlSiXe_Ye1oYFxaAGG973w4HfAjJAUF7M-mdSsvXULWibI6JtRHHIs6ZiwPrem2wAflvw=s2334" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1556" data-original-width="2334" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_XIfErAQVptAqXkFuY5D4jbJx9nlvqJHpZWlfmY8WdghHCiLjtydrjPddvT76NmAKeYkowg_ghk8kJaEZOE694grxTXrrdtz3qhtjMx0bR902ejmez49MbRlSiXe_Ye1oYFxaAGG973w4HfAjJAUF7M-mdSsvXULWibI6JtRHHIs6ZiwPrem2wAflvw=w320-h213" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Figure 7: Figure 6 with tested terminal SNPs added</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In Figure 7 the four SNPs which are seen in the Gregg results [top middle] are all connected – some of the SNPs shown occurred earlier than others in time but they all connect together so that the individuals whose results they show are close cousins genetically of each other. Current mapping puts this SNP group in Scotland.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The screenshot in Figure 8, which is taken from the Gregg Block Tree shows how the lines spread out from the common terminal SNP BY135575 (courtesy of familytreedna.com).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhQRKJDIxXcquYhGGK4Nkn-AN8yL8KPo8KDELdZ4bo37vspTrHaGF8VdNc_iITwdUF-N5OkNyR51hAzpjGNPekatcub5tHKfUW3Y9uedJKfbGviB_f8NHGQGLBskpKtKis5GGPqf6zzstrf0s3nz5gKjLb_UsKb-jZg5PBHqHGs8KfLC9PabrRp6g4Juw=s1574" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1204" data-original-width="1574" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhQRKJDIxXcquYhGGK4Nkn-AN8yL8KPo8KDELdZ4bo37vspTrHaGF8VdNc_iITwdUF-N5OkNyR51hAzpjGNPekatcub5tHKfUW3Y9uedJKfbGviB_f8NHGQGLBskpKtKis5GGPqf6zzstrf0s3nz5gKjLb_UsKb-jZg5PBHqHGs8KfLC9PabrRp6g4Juw=w320-h245" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;">Figure 8: FT108241 as terminal SNP with later terminal SNPs BY212591 and FT106941 in the other individuals</p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">The large Gregory group has a different terminal SNP – there are only two individuals in this group who have tested but their terminal SNPs are likely to proceed from BY34346, a completely different origin from the Griegs (all variants). All the other terminal SNPs shown for Gregories are either unique to an individual or shared by a small group. In some cases, for example 214992 Gragg and Gregg BY173545, there is a close genetic relation but the Gregg individual has acquired a later terminal SNP.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> Descendants of Rob Roy MacGregor</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">In the last two DNA blogs I have shared some of our DNA research to try to identify an individual who is definitely descended from Rob Roy MacGregor, and discussed some of the difficulties in verifying descent through paper genealogies and available records. As well as trying to identify a Rob Roy descendant we are also hoping to identify the Glengyle family of MacGregors of which he was a part.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In my report, I explored the possibility that an individual participant in the DNA Project was descended from Rob Roy’s grandson James who had a son Donald but suggested that it was a concern that this Donald who married Elizabeth Stewart in 1804 was probably too young to be the correct one, and, in addition, terminal SNPs suggested a closer connection to the Chief’s line of Glencarnoch. I am grateful to John Andrew Hutchison who contacted me with a huge amount of information from years of research into the various families who lived in and around Balquhidder and surrounding parishes. John has a family connection to the MacGregors and has been trying to link families together across generations, a task made much more difficult when individual members of families moved around and away from their ancestral homes.There is simply too much information from John to try and summarise here in any meaningful way, particularly as it involves consideration of a large number of different MacGregor families in historical records, as well as family records going from the 18<sup>th</sup> century onwards. However the main thrust of the research suggests that Donald who married Elizabeth Stewart was probably not of the Glengyle branch but possibly of the family who were designated in the Balquhidder children list of 1787 (which I repeat here complete below) as of Brackley, which could explain our participant’s close genetic connection to the Chief’s line – of Glencarnoch<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>- and/or possibly to the Roro family. </p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">This list is found in Central Archives Stirling with the call number PD60<b>/651. </b>It is incorrectly dated as possibly 1830.</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">A list of the young children of the tree of McGregor with their names and Designations within the parish of Balquidder [all listed McGregor unless otherwise stated]</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Bracklys family [sic]</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Inverlochlairgemore</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Patrick</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Robert<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Gregor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Donald<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Alexander<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>4</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>William<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>5</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Alexr in Lickseridan</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Peter<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Alexr<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dun<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Alexr in Gartnafuaran</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Duncan<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>James<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Gregor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>4</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Malcom<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>5</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Dun in Inverlochlairgemore</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Donald<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Alexr<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Peter<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2 orphans</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Dun in Craganmore</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>James<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Alexr<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Peter in Milltown</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dun<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Alexr<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Donald in Rinacraig</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Donald<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dougal<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Alexr<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>4</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Alpin<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>5</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>all orphans</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Dun in Rinacraig<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Duncan<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>in all 27</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Dougal Keers Faimily</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Duncan in Minachallwaroo</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Robert<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Patrick in Blarerioch</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Malcom<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Dougal in woodend Stronslany</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Gregor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Donald<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Malcom<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>4</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Gregor in Gartnafuaran</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dougal<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Gregor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Duncan in Stronair</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Malcom<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Alexr<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Robert<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Allan<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>4</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">John in Criganmore</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Gregor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Duncan<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>James<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Twins <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John and Donald <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Donld<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Coock in Ruskachan</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dougal<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">James in Ruskachan</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Duncan<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>in all 20</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">McGregors Faimily</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Donald in Ardchullary</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hugh<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Robert in Adchullary</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Donald<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>James<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Robert in Rinacraig</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Peter<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Alexr in Rinacraig</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Peter<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">John in Rinacriag</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Peter<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>[ ]</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Robert in Achtowmore</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>James<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">John in Achtowmore</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hugh<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Hugh in Achtowmore</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>in all 9</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Roro Faimily</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Duncan in Stronslary</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Donald<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Peter<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hugh<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>4</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Duncan in Balcnoick</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Alexr<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">John in Lichscridan</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>William<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Alexr in Dalreach</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hugh<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Hugh<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Drover</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>James<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Patrick Decest Balifoil</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Duncan<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Donald<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>in all 12</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">A mistake in Brackly Faimily that they not aded togather (sic)</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">John Decest in Gartnafuaran</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Donald<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Robert<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Jobert (sic)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>4</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Donald in midleachton</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Peter<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hugh<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">John Decest in midle achtow</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Duncan<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Gregor<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Dun in Glentarkan</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>James <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>1</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Peter<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>John<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>17</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Brackly Faimily</p><p class="p5" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>27 (+) 13<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(=) 40 of them</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">As usual I end this blog with the offer to compare a single result with up to 11 others using the spider charts, or to offer further advice on further DNA testing, particularly Y700 and terminal SNPs (and consequently the relationship of differing groups of the same name to each other). Contact me on richardmcgregor1ATyahoo.co.uk (substitute @ for AT).</p><p class="p4" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">I am grateful to Central Archives, Stirling, familytreedna.com. and the authors of the spider diagram program<i> Splitstree</i>, Daniel Huson and David Bryant.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><br /></p><br /></div><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p>MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-69018180405355809562020-12-29T22:40:00.001+00:002020-12-29T22:53:54.913+00:00<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">Welcome to the MacGregor Project DNA annual blog for 2021.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">This past year with the arrival of the virus has had an inevitable effect on the progress of the DNA project as everyone has been concerned to deal with the changes in lifestyle which have been needed.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">I thought therefore that I would use some of this update to explore some ideas, opportunities and limitations of autosomal testing – typically called ‘All my Ancestry’ or ‘Family Finder’, and also to share some thinking on the MacGregor Big Y results.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>It is well known now that only males carry the Y chromosome and that this particular part of DNA is usually associated with surname (except for cases of adoption etc). It follows that for surname studies only males with the surname of interest can be tested for connection with a specific surname. For more recent family connections it can often be possible to find a male of the surname to do the test on a person’s behalf but going further back in time does not work so easily when thinking about autosomal (i.e. Family Finder) testing as I will explain. Inevitably genetic scientists will say that the following explanation does not cover all the possibilities and in some senses tends towards simplification: there is a certain inevitability about this when dealing with a wide and diverse audience.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I have often been asked “why can’t I<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>be part of the surname project because my great great grandmother was a MacGregor?”, or “my ancestor was Rob Roy, can I do the DNA project to prove it (where the connection is through Rob Roy’s daughter or granddaughter)?”, or “why do the results of Family Finder not show in the surname project?”, or “why are surnames not included in the surname project?”.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I hope to answer all these with the following text.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Everyone inherits autosomal chromosomes from their male and female ancestors. The proportions received from each ancestor varies, and also these tend to disappear over time as they are replaced by the DNA of succeeding generations. Otherwise, we would have millions of bits of autosomal<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>chromosome going back into prehistory: having said which it IS possible that some of a person’s autosomal chromosome has survived from prehistory to the present day. Every generation doubles the number of forebears which you have: 2 parents, 4 grandparent, 8 great grandparents, 16 great great grandparents and so on. As you go back in time that number increases, so, around 1300, in the Medieval period, each person will have over a million ancestors and working on the principle that most people are related by ‘6 degrees of separation’ there must be many common ancestors between any two individuals.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We all have 46 chromosomes in total and two of these are the X and the Y: if you got a Y and an X chromosome from your parents then you are a male, if you got two X chromosomes then you are female. That leaves 44 chromosomes (2 x 22 pairs) for Family Finder to compare.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Family Tree DNA’s Family Finder distinguishes between matches which arise from autosomal chromosomes (the 22 pairs) and the X chromosome and results are therefore shown for both autosomal chromosomes and also for what FtDNA refer to as X Match</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">[But note that, surprisingly, of the 5 matches on X Match out of the first 1000 Family Finder matches which I have, there is no detail in the graphics provided – I would be interested to know if others have found this to be the case also).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">To explain this further let’s now take a specific example or two:On the familysearch.org website you can create your own<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>fan chart of ancestry, and in an article Jessica Grimaud presents a filled-in fan chart: (<a href="https://www.familysearch.org/blog/en/genealogy-fan-chart/"><span class="s1" style="color: #dca10d;">https://www.familysearch.org/blog/en/genealogy-fan-chart/</span></a>)</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5KEXrbkzl7k/X-usYUjioVI/AAAAAAAAAlg/giX2xWDp_zkHlEmBmq5T4Fgv0x8wFdsZACLcBGAsYHQ/s1500/Fig%2B1%2B%2Bgenealogy-fan-chart.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="938" data-original-width="1500" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5KEXrbkzl7k/X-usYUjioVI/AAAAAAAAAlg/giX2xWDp_zkHlEmBmq5T4Fgv0x8wFdsZACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Fig%2B1%2B%2Bgenealogy-fan-chart.png" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> Fig. 1 Fan chart from www.familysearch.org</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">There is an amazing amount of genealogical material presented here and it is relatively rare for a researcher to be able to document quite so many generations.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>As a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>comparison here is my own fan tree which lacks detail from my mother’s side because I have not been able to ascertain with any certainty her Russian German mother’s ancestry.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uv4JOWfrHHg/X-usZALVK8I/AAAAAAAAAmM/vSZUAmbpDJAjUqEkVVXql0uiffFEx30egCPcBGAYYCw/s1400/Fig%2B2%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B17.54.26.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1326" data-original-width="1400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uv4JOWfrHHg/X-usZALVK8I/AAAAAAAAAmM/vSZUAmbpDJAjUqEkVVXql0uiffFEx30egCPcBGAYYCw/s320/Fig%2B2%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B17.54.26.png" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Fig. 2 Fan chart Richard McGregor</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">I will begin by discussing an example of how this fan tree was used to identify a common ancestor with myself in Family Finder.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I do not have a fan chart for the person who I match but there is a family tree for this person deposited on the Family Tree DNA website which contains sufficient information.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>We are listed as being 3<sup>rd</sup> to 5th cousins and these are the places that we have autosomal matches:</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YN4xYa4ObMk/X-uqpRT0KTI/AAAAAAAAAlI/_VAzkHub54QghNJKzqRVY0RzaNVvZK3iACPcBGAYYCw/s1528/Fig%2B3%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-25%2Bat%2B19.50.16.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1330" data-original-width="1528" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YN4xYa4ObMk/X-uqpRT0KTI/AAAAAAAAAlI/_VAzkHub54QghNJKzqRVY0RzaNVvZK3iACPcBGAYYCw/s320/Fig%2B3%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-25%2Bat%2B19.50.16.png" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Fig. 3 Chromosome matches for myself and the other participant</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">This may look at lot but when compared with someone who is a 1<sup>st</sup> to 2nd cousin you can immediately see the difference. If you count the number of shared chromosomes in Fig 4 and Fig 5 you will see that the latter has many more. That indicates the first problem – the further back in time you go the less SNPs in common you will have with someone else and if it is 5 or 6 generations back then you have to work out which of up to 64 ancestors you actually match to:</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jtBcZ1pz4k4/X-usZkJDUgI/AAAAAAAAAmU/YMXQRPWCBAsxC_GeK11aLm8s3jxxiGlvACPcBGAYYCw/s1240/Fig%2B4%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B17.12.34.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="596" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jtBcZ1pz4k4/X-usZkJDUgI/AAAAAAAAAmU/YMXQRPWCBAsxC_GeK11aLm8s3jxxiGlvACPcBGAYYCw/s320/Fig%2B4%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B17.12.34.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Fig. 4: Richard McGregor matching chromosomes for 1<sup>st</sup> to 2<sup>nd</sup> cousin</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Going back to the Fig 4 Family Tree DNA do a version of these results in graphic form which comes out as below (the shading represents the areas of match):</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uAa6STjovoY/X-usZ5p_WKI/AAAAAAAAAmU/MKBz71XLvlgfjkOUDJxhViLiXtCykZ3LgCPcBGAYYCw/s1798/Fig%2B5%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-25%2Bat%2B19.50.44.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1330" data-original-width="1798" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uAa6STjovoY/X-usZ5p_WKI/AAAAAAAAAmU/MKBz71XLvlgfjkOUDJxhViLiXtCykZ3LgCPcBGAYYCw/s320/Fig%2B5%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-25%2Bat%2B19.50.44.png" width="320" /></a></div></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Fig. 5. Graphic form of shared SNPs between Richard McGregor and Family Finder match 3<sup>rd</sup>- 5<sup>th</sup> cousin</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Working back with our researched genealogies we came back to a meeting point with a Georg Konrad Major born in 1797, two of whose children started the separate lines we descend from.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I have over 4000 matches on Family Finder and only a few of these can actually be traced back to a specific individual shared between us – part of the reason for this is that not all participants share ancestral names or genealogical trees on the website.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I have very few 1<sup>st</sup> to 3<sup>rd</sup> cousins and while it has been relatively easy to find the genealogical connections with these, when the relationship suggested is more distant, it becomes rather more difficult. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>There are quite a few examples where Family Finder participants have given ancestral names which match with those in my tree but none has led to a definite link. </p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Hopefully it is obvious that finding specific links with Family Finder relies on having access to genealogies which are as complete as possible and the closer the genetic connection the easier it is to identify the connection. When we are trying to identify a common ancestor who lived more than 250 years ago,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>it is vital to<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>be able to eliminate other possibilities.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">*<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>* <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>*</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Update on MacGregor DNA</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">This year has seen more participants upgrading to the Y700 test which has resulted in an expansion of the genetic tree of connections. There have been a large number of terminal SNPs identified, and on the grid at <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor"><span class="s1" style="color: #dca10d;">www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor</span></a> these are shown in the green colour. Sometimes these just represent a SNP that has been singly tested and is not the terminal SNP, and the best way to determine if you are looking at a terminal SNP is to assume that it will have a haplogroup (such as R or I) followed by a BY, FGC, or FT number [Big Y, Full Genome Corp or FamilyTree]. Quite often individuals who have tested to Big Y have SNPs which are not shared with others who have Big Y tested: these SNPs are known as Private SNPs and will be so identified until there are other participants found who have any of these SNPs – these will then be shown as shared SNPs and will indicate common ancestry between the individuals who bear them. When there are no SNP matches<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>between individuals the Big Y results default back to the most commonly held SNP which is why some of those genetic MacGregors who have tested with Big Y default back to S690, which is the SNP that all genetic MacGregors have. As more results come in an individual with S690 might<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>find that one of the Private SNPs becomes the terminal SNP. As I just indicated, in that case it might be reasonably assumed that the two (or more) individuals concerned share a more recent ancestor normally bearing the surname of interest.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Below I have copied the Big Y Block Tree graphic which is currently shown for the MacGregor group descending from Ian Cam. It is based on the format developed by Alex Williamson [The Big Tree]. I have removed individuals’ names for data protection reasons – however the terminal SNP can be cross checked on the results grid link given above to identify the earliest known ancestor where this has been filled in by the individual participant.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P64kkAf4lW4/X-usZy8-8mI/AAAAAAAAAmQ/wEdu-8gJ3HggZg9OucfwSVI3b5crwLh5ACPcBGAYYCw/s1784/Fig%2B6%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B12.31.12.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="704" data-original-width="1784" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P64kkAf4lW4/X-usZy8-8mI/AAAAAAAAAmQ/wEdu-8gJ3HggZg9OucfwSVI3b5crwLh5ACPcBGAYYCw/s320/Fig%2B6%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B12.31.12.png" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span>Fig 6: Block Tree (current) for MacGregor Ian Cam group</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">As another example I have chosen a McGregor result from what is labelled ‘McGregor distant group’ on the results grid:</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J49qUlLTyxw/X-uqqU-VRTI/AAAAAAAAAlQ/jjScIQ1OjsEZNtv28HpEmxVn9Ji-odqvQCPcBGAYYCw/s1852/Fig%2B7%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B13.12.20.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="892" data-original-width="1852" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J49qUlLTyxw/X-uqqU-VRTI/AAAAAAAAAlQ/jjScIQ1OjsEZNtv28HpEmxVn9Ji-odqvQCPcBGAYYCw/s320/Fig%2B7%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B13.12.20.png" width="320" /></a></div><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"> Fig 7: Block tree diagram for a McGregor in the McGregor distant group</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">In <span class="s1" style="text-decoration-line: underline;">this</span> case the surname of participants varies across the grouping , starting with McKellar for the first two lines of descent followed by Robertson; no name given; Campbell; Stewart; McKellar, McKellar (which is the McGregor participant’s shared match); followed by McKellar; then unnamed at the far right,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>All Big Y participants can see their results presented in this way through their results page. However, it is important to say that if<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>an individual’s terminal SNP has been determined without going through Big Y then this block graphic is NOT given in the participant’s results because some of the other SNPs which contribute to the Block Tree<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>will not have been sequenced. For example, I determined my own terminal SNP BY4303 by deduction and testing, and not through Big Y, so I cannot see who else is close to me.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">[Note: McKellar is considered a sept of Clan Campbell and is found across Scotland with authorities variously placing the origin in Argyllshire, Angus and/or Strathclyde].</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Finally a McGregor distant result, but with a known Sutherlandshire connection:</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8LuPPR7N7Zw/X-usaUBzEeI/AAAAAAAAAmY/nTWgUxkm9M0SJgAKXM_tdGpUdkFhfOiYwCPcBGAYYCw/s1606/Fig%2B8%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B14.02.00.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1086" data-original-width="1606" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8LuPPR7N7Zw/X-usaUBzEeI/AAAAAAAAAmY/nTWgUxkm9M0SJgAKXM_tdGpUdkFhfOiYwCPcBGAYYCw/s320/Fig%2B8%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B14.02.00.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: left;">Fig 8: Block tree result for a McGregor in the McGregor distant group whose forebear came from Sutherlandshire in the north of Scotland</span></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">In this case the rest of the Block Tree group matches are almost entirely called Nicholson (except for a solitary MacDonald).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The individual’s McGregor result box does include an additional named individual whose surname is also McGregor – and in that case this participant and the other McGregor share an ancestor in the more recent past. Who this was might be established by comparing genealogies – the difficulty being that many Sutherland parish records are deficient for pre 19<sup>th</sup> century.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">[Note: the name Nicholson in Scotland is said to derive from a lawyer who lived in Aberdeen in the 16<sup>th</sup> century, but there was also a family associated with the Isle of Skye who petitioned the Lord Lyon for recognition – which they got, on condition they were designated Clan MacNeacall of Skye]</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">Our own analyses which have been conducted by Prof. Neil McGregor is shown below (as at October 2020, although the previous date of May has been retained). This gives broadly the same result as Fig 7 above and represents the current state of our knowledge:</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Aznjo9wYElU/X-usap4i8ZI/AAAAAAAAAmc/EMo3teBQo9EaLPcRyeC6_Fh5wgXjEAGNgCPcBGAYYCw/s1552/Fig%2B9%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B14.32.02.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1036" data-original-width="1552" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Aznjo9wYElU/X-usap4i8ZI/AAAAAAAAAmc/EMo3teBQo9EaLPcRyeC6_Fh5wgXjEAGNgCPcBGAYYCw/s320/Fig%2B9%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B14.32.02.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">Fig 9: Ian Cam group Big Y results as presented by Prof. Neil McGregor</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: start;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">We have however identified an issue related to the first chip used by FtDNA.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;">You will see from the grid given below that the top group lack some results that are available for the lower group. We have contacted FtDNA about this:</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BdLt6AT-8a0/X-usYwS1yNI/AAAAAAAAAmU/AizM9J1er1AqKW9CAB30u2oPjpQqwofQQCPcBGAYYCw/s1616/Fig%2B10%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B14.37.11.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="1616" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BdLt6AT-8a0/X-usYwS1yNI/AAAAAAAAAmU/AizM9J1er1AqKW9CAB30u2oPjpQqwofQQCPcBGAYYCw/s320/Fig%2B10%2BScreenshot%2B2020-12-26%2Bat%2B14.37.11.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"> Fig 10: Partial results grid Ian Cam group</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 15px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;">You will have noticed that this year I have not used spider diagrams as in previous years. This is partly because comparatively little has changed over the year, but also because I prefer to offer individuals the possibility of seeing a spider diagram for their own result which is designed for them alone. You can see these spider diagrams by looking at previous versions of this blog. If you would like me to generate one for you ask me offline and suggest up to 12 individuals with whom you would wish to be compared by reference to their kit number. You can email me on chairmanATclangregor.org [change AT to @ - I just want to avoid spam!).</p></div><br /><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: start;"><br /></p></div><br /><p><br /></p>MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-64880204463624578882019-12-25T21:57:00.001+00:002019-12-29T00:24:07.282+00:00MacGregor Project DNA Blog 2020 (number 20)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Welcome
to the MacGregor Project DNA blog for 2020. This year I am concentrating on two
particular subjects: 1) the search for the genetic signature of Rob Roy
MacGregor and 2) Grier DNA (including
Grierson, Greer, McGreer and various other spellings).<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Note to enlarge images simply click on
them, and to dismiss and return to text click the X in the top right-hand
corner - back arrow works on a phone). In the analyses that follow you <b>will
need to have your kit number to hand as I am not labelling the charts with
surnames.</b><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When the DNA project for MacGregors began
back in 2001 one of the key objectives was to find out how many individuals
still carried surnames that were adopted because of the proscription [outlawing]
of the clan name which took place from 1603-60 and again from 1693 to 1774. About
six years later we started to look for evidence of particular family groupings
which were known as far back as the later Medieval period, based on some
characteristic of that particular family – whether it was where they came from,
or, based on a family connection, or a description. So the grouping defined as
Roro or Glengyle were based on places (as was later Glencarnock). There was
also those MacGregors who were connected to an individual known as Gregor McIan
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and this family were sometimes later
referred to as ‘of Brackley’. Gregor McIan was a patronymic (for definition see
later), whereas Brackley was a place in Glenorchy. All these families were
understood to have originated in Glenorchy/Glenstrae in Argyllshire even if by
the mid-16th century they had spread out into Dunbartonshire, Stirlingshire and
Perthshire.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The MacGregors of Glengyle were not
originally designated by their place of origin but by their connection to an
earlier ancestor known as Dougal Ciar. To quote from Peter Lawrie’s
‘glendiscovery’ website <a href="http://www.glendiscovery.com/amelia-vol2-chap18.html">http://www.glendiscovery.com/amelia-vol2-chap18.html</a><span style="color: black;">)</span><span style="color: black;">: ‘t</span>his
Dougal was distinguished as Dougal Ciar from some peculiarity, probably grey or
mouse-coloured hair and eyes. It was universally believed by the rest of the
Clan that the House ranked fourth or fifth in point of seniority… They were a
very turbulent race and seem generally to have acted independently’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was natural that the search for
MacGregor identities should at some point focus on one of our most famous
characters, the well-known Rob Roy MacGregor who was born in 1671 and died in
1734.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rob Roy became particularly well-known
after Sir Walter Scott wrote his novel of that name in 1817 and, a bit like
spin-offs of the present day, there was quite a lot of hype round the novel, as
well as derivatives such as the stage play created in 1818 (not to mention
Berlioz’s Overture <i>Rob Roy</i> of 1831). It was not long before every MacGregor
in Scotland it seemed (and beyond) assumed that they were descended from Rob
Roy, through one of his male children – especially those of James More who
reportedly had 14. It didn’t seem to matter that all these families came into
existence in about three generations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In more recent times Dr John Ward, who
died not long ago, made a mammoth collection of individuals’ family trees which
purported to have their origins in Rob Roy. Many of these he was able to
speculatively relate together in one large tree, but there were an equally
large number that he simply listed in another file as Rob Roy connected. Rob
Roy is buried in Balquhidder church graveyard (despite what may be claimed on
the information board) but there is, or has been, no real progress in
identifying positively a male individual who is definitely a descendent of Rob
Roy himself. This is partly to do with the fact that parish registers are often
deficient, and entries were not recorded, particularly if the birth took place
at some distance from the parish church.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of the claims for descent from Rob
Roy are through the female line which can’t really be tested effectively, and
some claims which have come through Y-chromosome DNA, but unfortunately haven’t
held up genetically – assuming of course that Rob Roy was indeed descended from
the Argyllshire MacGregors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">During
the last year however a more credible descent has been tested.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First using a 37 marker test to ensure that
the signature was what was expected from an Argyll MacGregor descendant, and
then, when this proved positive, the Clan Gregor Society paid for an upgrade to
Y700, formerly known as Big Y.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The family tree
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EaqFiKK8Qpg/XgN-b6tVlRI/AAAAAAAAAg4/WzhPfRyuxjEF_TiR6HTFR-c1K6piVJX8QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Picture%2B1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="947" data-original-width="845" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EaqFiKK8Qpg/XgN-b6tVlRI/AAAAAAAAAg4/WzhPfRyuxjEF_TiR6HTFR-c1K6piVJX8QCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Picture%2B1.png" width="285" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">What is interesting about this tree is that there are just two
links for which the evidence is not completely certain and the first is
verifying that the James born 1755, is the same one who married Mary Ferguson
and subsequently had Donald who married Elizabeth Stewart. Such proofs are not
straightforward in Scottish records when there were several McGregor children
in the Balquhidder/Strathyre area with the same name. A list of those who
signed the Chief’s ‘recognition’ in 1787 has three males called James any one
of whom might be</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">married to Mary
Ferguson.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">However, there is also a list
of children in the parish of Balquhidder. The archive handlist dates this to
1830 but it cannot be that date and comparison with the list of 1787 shows that
it is from that date (and demonstrates that the list of those who recognised
the Chief in 1787 were all males from a family regardless of age).</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We know from parish
registers that the James who married Mary Ferguson had a male child Duncan in
1785 and that at the time he was living in Ruskachan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The list of children<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Stirling Archive PD60/651] has the following
entries:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dougal Keers Family<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Duncan in Minachallwaroo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Patrick in Blarerioch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Malcom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dougal in woodend Stronslany<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>John<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Gregor<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Donald<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Malcom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Gregor in Gartnafuaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dougal<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Gregor<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>2</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Duncan in Stronair<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Robert<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>James<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Twins <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>John and
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Donld<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Coock in
Ruskachan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dougal<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">James in Ruskachan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The last named James must be the same individual. The
significance of this part of the list is that James is identified as being of
the Dougal Ciar family which is the family to which Rob Roy MacGregor belonged.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So, we know that this
James had a second son Donald in 1787 and therefore the last link to be proved
is whether Donald who married Elizabeth Stewart is the same Donald who married
Elizabeth Stewart [or Stuart] as the death certificate of one of the family
shows. There is only one existing parish register marriage entry for a Donald
and Elizabeth Stewart – and that is in Port of Mentieth. However, in 1804
Donald would have been just 17, which is young for a marriage in Scotland but
not impossible although the parish register does not suggest that either party
was a minor. He could have misrepresented his age and said he was 21 – the
marriage took place in Port of Mentieth which is a parish<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>some 20 miles or more from Balquhidder. If
Donald did then in fact move to Ayrshire immediately after his marriage and the
children were born there, then he is the Donald who appears in the 1841 census
aged 60 [1841 census rounded ages down] with daughter Janet [age 30] and son
Donald [age 15].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Donald declares he was
not born in Ayrshire but, since he was deceased by the 1851 census,
confirmation of a Perthshire birthplace is not possible. If Donald is the son
of James his age should be 54 [rounded down to 50] but it is possible that he
continued to falsify his actual age. However, just to add to the confusion the
death certificate of Donald’s daughter Catherine [Wilkes] says that her
mother’s name was Janet Stewart, but the Muirkirk parish register suggests that
this death informant was wrong.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This long
genealogical diversion was a necessary preamble to considering the results of
the Y700 DNA test which has been done for this line. The chart below, prepared
by Prof. Neil McGregor in Australia shows the result in relation to other
individuals who have tested to Y700 [result are anonymised to conform to
European data protection regulations and FtDNA requirements].</span><br />
<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fig. 1: Argyllshire MacGregors Y700 results analysed by Prof. Neil
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There are other claimants for Glengyle family heritage but as with
kit IN61406 there are gaps in the parish record and more or less at the same
time – the end of the 18<sup>th</sup> and the beginning of the nineteenth
centuries. For many years the Vice Chairman of the Clan Gregor Society, Peter
Lawrie, has been trying to prove that his mother’s ancestor, Duncan, who died
in 1826, having been a sailor, is the same Duncan as is stated in this extract
from a genealogy of part of the Glengyle family:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;">Gregor
McGregor</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;">of Glengyle died</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif;">21 Aug 1777 age 88</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">sons<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Donald
/Daniel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>shipmaster Glasgow dsp 24 Sep
1791<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> R</span>obert of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Corarklet<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> born </span>1743 m. Isobell daughter of John Graham of Drunkie<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Son
Donald<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>alive 1775<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Duncan (McGregor
or Graham), sailor,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Glasgow,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>served<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>heir 1793 to uncle </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Donald<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the chart above this line is represented by kit IN13885.
The problem is that the nearest matching kit 133637 has a genealogical tree
which is generally believed to go back to the MacGregors of Roro.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So, in both cases
there is one piece of genealogical information missing that is crucial to prove
a definitive connection to Glengyle and would allow us to state absolutely that
this was the Rob Roy’s genetic signature. Given how many families believed from
Victorian times onward that they were related to Rob Roy it is ironic that just
a hundred and thirty years later it is proving so difficult to assert with the
same confidence as was shown in 1890 when the railings were placed round Rob
Roy’s grave and the report stated that in attendance was <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Mr Norman Macgregor, Lloyds, London direct
descendant of Rob Roy”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The chart above links individuals together with shared DNA
characteristics and the same relationships can be expressed as a box tree as it
is on the FamilyTreeDNA website which they have based on the original work by
Alex Williamson for “The Big Tree”.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rCfbUZs8PjQ/XgN-ZydvRhI/AAAAAAAAAhE/Eth0smHIJgQJEz0AGQPoLstELMpQHgB-QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B2%2B2020The%2BBig%2BTree%2BFT.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="848" data-original-width="1600" height="169" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rCfbUZs8PjQ/XgN-ZydvRhI/AAAAAAAAAhE/Eth0smHIJgQJEz0AGQPoLstELMpQHgB-QCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B2%2B2020The%2BBig%2BTree%2BFT.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fig. 2: the Argyllshire MacGregor family groups from Y700 –
FtDNA chart<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The darker outline is the group within which kit IN61406
currently fits. At the moment this is our best candidate for Rob Roy’s Y
chromosome signature, but as can be seen the evidence is still incomplete and
whether or not we have two separate Glengyle tree claimants of which one is
correct and one not, or in fact neither is correct, is still an open question!</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b> Clan surnames Grier (Greer, McGreer, Grierson): DNA results</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Before discussing
this specific surname, I thought it would be helpful to repeat the section on
clan names and septs from my 2018 blog as this is an area of Scottish clan
history which is not really understood well.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">What is a clan? Six hundred years ago
this question was quite simple to answer. You were associated with a clan if
you had been born with the name – in the MacGregors’ case that might be expressed
as Gregor, Grigor, MacGregor, McGrigor, McGregor and a whole range of
alternative spellings such as, for example,</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> McGreagor (an attempt to render the
Gaelic phonetically into English?). At that time too spelling had not been
standardised - so one might find Mckgregor, M’gregor and so on. You were also a
member of the clan if your name was an accepted variant, such as Grierson, or
Grier, Greig/Grieg/Grig etc. These were considered to be shortened or anglicised
versions of the main clan name. So, Grier-son equals Gregor-son and Grier is
the same name without the ‘son’ on the end.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Whether
or not these accepted names were genetically related to the main line was not
the point, since a clan was a collection of related surnames. Members of the
clan recognised as Chief the head of the main line (the Chief of the MacGregors
for example), and often, especially in the early days relied on him for
protection, or rather, on his ability to pull a ‘federation’ of individuals
together to ensure, usually armed, protection, or, as a means of seeking
retribution on another group for some offence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were others associated with the clan
whose names were accepted as belonging to septs of the clan. Sometimes the same
name would appear several lists of accepted septs for different clans – such is
the case for the surname King, for example. As well, some descriptive words
used as surnames were understood to have been borne by people associated with
the clan, and such descriptive surnames are found in many clan lists: Bain (or
Ban) or its anglicised equivalent White; Roy meaning Red; Dhu or Dow meaning
dark or black, are some examples.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, there
were people who answered none of these ‘qualifications’ but who lived as
‘part-takers’ on the land which was under the Chief’s influence. Grant and
Menzies rental documents of the 18th century reveal instances where individuals
adopted the name of the local chief where formerly they were called only by
their patronymics. A patronymic shows the genealogy of an individual back two
generations – so my patronymic would be Richard McEwan VicPeter: here McEwan is
not a surname but shows that my father was Ewan (not THAT Ewan). On a rental
document you might find John McGregor VicPatrick which means that John’s father
was Gregor and his grandfather Patrick: if John were a very poor inhabitant – a
cottar – it might be that his family had lost the knowledge that they were
genetic MacGregors and so they ended up taking the surname Grant. It’s unusual
to find this situation among MacGregors because of their turbulent history but
it happens in other clans. Paradoxically, even though the MacGregor name was
proscribed [forbidden] for so long [1603-60 and 1693 to 1774] many families
held on to the knowledge that they were MacGregors despite having been forced
to take other surnames. Some families never changed back to MacGregor when it
was finally possible to do so – which is why in the DNA project we see
individuals called Drummond, Stirling, Campbell etc who are genetically
MacGregors - their ancestors never readopted the name when it was safe to do
so.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Taking the Grier family as an example this year (and
including all variant spellings, such as Grierson and McGreer etc.) we will
first look at the 37 marker results. The number of individuals who have tested
at that level </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">[37 markers] is over 60, but
the number of results will decrease as we look at the results for 67, and then further
decrease for 111 markers.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Fig 3: Grier (Greer, Grierson etc) 37 marker results<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">What is immediately clear from this is that there are at least 4,
if not 6 or 7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>different origins for the
surname. A recent Facebook post which derived its information from an e-book
‘The Tribe Within’, states:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "applesystemuifont";"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> “The Greer name
is found in the British Isles, but its origin according to DNA is from the
north-west coast of the Emerald Island. The Greer story [dominated by DNA
tribal marker (haplogroup) R1b-L513, Subgroup A1] can trace their origins to
the Finn Valley in Donegal, Ireland from 50 BCE. Perhaps the journey begins
with the Clanna Dedad; Deda, son of Sen or Deda Mac Sin. The Greer surname
origin is from a Northern Ui Neill [R1b-L513] tribe.” Undoubtedly this will be true for some
individuals with the surname Greer but it cannot be true for all since some
have a genetic origin which is clearly Norwegian Viking as well as at least one
other group’s genetic origin being potentially different (for the moment we
will not consider single isolated results).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is a
possible explanation for this genetic diversity which relates to the
acquisition of surnames. Surnames did not come into usage in Ireland until well
after the end of the Viking invasions and it is possible that different
individuals adopted the name at the same time but did not know, or it did not
matter, that they were not genetically related.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">That genetic diversity has a considerable time depth can readily
be seen when we examine the slightly smaller group of individuals who have
tested to 67 marker level.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The diagram is very similar to the 37 marker one but with
greater discrimination between individual results representing the more
specific branches.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xKhEEwjx8RM/XgN-aA1c7VI/AAAAAAAAAhI/uzlpUP3j5Jg43CgxqPuKxNYnypBqxASagCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B4%2B2020%2B67s.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1103" data-original-width="1600" height="220" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xKhEEwjx8RM/XgN-aA1c7VI/AAAAAAAAAhI/uzlpUP3j5Jg43CgxqPuKxNYnypBqxASagCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B4%2B2020%2B67s.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fig 4: </span>Grier (Greer, Grierson etc) 67 marker results<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">What we see from this diagram quite clearly is how close in
genetic time many of the individuals are. The Viking group for example are all
descended from a single individual probably branching at kit 552222. The Irish
branch are very strongly related from one individual (leading for example to
97279) and then a second branch slightly later on (leading to 333215 for
example). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The branching is clearer in
this expanded view below:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lP-r7scU71c/XgN_T2Cv0fI/AAAAAAAAAhc/LElZjMMsgZQs9U0JdWA4v8neh8_sTL72ACEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B5%2B2020%2B67%2Bdetail.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="1600" height="273" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lP-r7scU71c/XgN_T2Cv0fI/AAAAAAAAAhc/LElZjMMsgZQs9U0JdWA4v8neh8_sTL72ACEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B5%2B2020%2B67%2Bdetail.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fig 5: Grier ‘Irish-related’ group expanded chart<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In the Viking group the known ancestries (5 out of 19) are Irish:
County Antrim, County Down, County Cavan, County Tyrone. Other place of origin
labels say Scotland but give no detail, but of those that did 67 markers, ALL match
genetically with the group who have specific Irish locations for their
ancestry. In the Scots/Irish group kit 57019 has ancestry going back to County
Fermanagh but all the others have no specific location declared except kit 42120
who simply locates his ancestry to Ireland. However, where the origins become
particularly interesting is in the group which contains kit 7874 because a
number of these participants have clear genealogical origins going back to
Scotland, often to the south-west corner. There is a printed genealogy for this
area for the Griersons of Lag which suggests a movement from Scotland to
Ireland in the 17th century, but not the other way around, and yet this group has a Y
chromosome signature which is generally associated with Ireland suggesting
movement across the Irish Sea on more than one occasion. Kit 2342 locates to
County Meath in Ireland.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The next grid shows the
Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor [TMRCA] for the 67 testers – the figures
give estimated years between any two individuals at the intersection of across
and down. From this it is obvious both how close some individuals are and how
far apart others. The rates of mutation are FtDNA’s based on 50% probability
with generations set to an average of 30 years:</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q1WNc8H-2tw/XgN-c-DJtSI/AAAAAAAAAhQ/VihYNi6TcIk2sBCMaxDrum3hdU6pSzFdACEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B6%2B2020%2B67%2BTMRCA.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1196" data-original-width="1528" height="250" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q1WNc8H-2tw/XgN-c-DJtSI/AAAAAAAAAhQ/VihYNi6TcIk2sBCMaxDrum3hdU6pSzFdACEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B6%2B2020%2B67%2BTMRCA.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fig 6: Time to Most Recent Ancestor grid for Grier 67 marker
testers.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Finally, here is the chart for those who have tested to 111
markers.</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c9qifPGxJgA/XgN-cVkGHrI/AAAAAAAAAhM/LInKkmX70OULF7eTFQxBOG9DKzywqhrCgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B7%2B2020%2Blabelled.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="797" data-original-width="1600" height="159" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c9qifPGxJgA/XgN-cVkGHrI/AAAAAAAAAhM/LInKkmX70OULF7eTFQxBOG9DKzywqhrCgCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B7%2B2020%2Blabelled.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fig 7: Grier 111 markers with added SNP labels<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In this diagram the boxed labels are the SNPs which have been
tested. I-M223 and I-M253, and R1b-M269 are SNPs from many thousands of years
ago whereas <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>those in smaller boxes are
usually the currently-known terminal SNPs and may date from just a few, to several
hundred, years before the present. It is likely that any others close to the
individual who has tested these SNPs will themselves have this SNP (as well,
perhaps, as others).<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[a couple of days after this blog was posted new Y700 results in the I group split I-FGC73841 down further to I-FT32636 and I-BY1888842 as named variants - the different letters denote the naming testing company].</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I repeat the
information given at the end of my 2018 blog:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Professor Neil McGregor who
analyses the Clan Gregor data remarked that “the best recommendation is that
people get Y700 as everybody seems to have between 3 and 8 separate SNPs which
will allow them to be separated from everybody [else], other than from their
own immediate family or first cousins. Some of them [those who have tested
under Y700] appear to have a cluster of SNPs which appear to have mutated
together and may represent one mutation. A mutation seems to be as low as once
per generation through to once every 4-5 generations – seems related to the
number of STR [the marker scores that participants start with] mutations as
well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The clan seems to be divided into two
major clusters and this would appear to be early on. The section I am in has at
least 3-5 sub-branches as does the other major group. The dividing SNP appears
to be BY28714”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just to repeat that I can do comparisons
of STR results for individuals – comparing the participant with up to 10 to 12
others. I would repeat Neil’s encouragement to do Y700 if you can – please ask
me for further information if needed [richardmcgregor1ATyahoo.co.uk
substituting @ for AT].</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Charts were
constructed using Dee McGee’s Utility at </span><a href="http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode</span></a><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">, using a 50% level of confidence, on
Doug MacDonald’s mutation rate, an average of 30 years per generation and with
no modal results assigned. The graphic representations of phylogenetic trees
are made by Splitstree:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; color: black;">D. H. Huson and D.
Bryant, </span><a href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/msj030?ijkey=GvcBFw4QPIORzUE&keytype=ref" target="_blank"><span style="background: white; color: black;">Application
of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies</span></a><span style="background: white; color: black;">, Mol. Biol. Evol., 23(2):254-267, 2006</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; color: black;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; color: black;"><span style="color: #3c4043; font-family: "roboto" , "helvetica neue" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.875px;">This site uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and analyze traffic. Your IP address and user-agent are shared with Google along with performance and security metrics to ensure quality of service, generate usage statistics, and to detect and address abuse.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com26tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-79415876067528675802019-01-08T14:02:00.000+00:002019-02-08T22:39:41.491+00:00MacGregor DNA Project Blog 2019<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Welcome to my MacGregor Project DNA blog for 2019. This year I am going to focus in part on some of the problems presented by DNA testing for genealogy and, in some cases, suggest not exactly what the solutions might be, but rather possible way(s) forward.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">I will be dealing with, for the most part, homogeneous groups from the MacGregor Project: all of these groups contain some MacGregor surname participants, participants with related or sept-based surnames, as well as those whose surnames have no currently known MacGregor connection, other than perhaps by tradition. It is important to understand the difference between a related surname and a sept of a clan and I have explored this issue in last year’s blog, so I won’t repeat it here. As for the processes of DNA testing for genealogy the current Wikipedia entry is very helpful, and it can be accessed at:</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test"><span style="color: black; text-decoration-line: none;">https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical_DNA_test</span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope it is
not too simplistic to say that one of the key ways in which DNA testing for
genealogy will improve in the future is by more people doing higher level
tests. This is certainly true for the male Y chromosome (only males have the Y)
since the potential of the Big Y test is still relatively unexplored, and to
have more participants at this level of testing is essential for the future.
Having said that I must here give great credit to all those who are working to
develop analyses and interpretations including, for the MacGregor project,
Professor Neil McGregor in Australia. If you have already tested Big Y then you
should send your results to Neil (neilmcgregorATtpg.com.au, substituting @ for
AT) if you are from a MacGregor (any spelling line) or where the DNA evidence
suggests that your surname was once MacGregor but changed as a result of
Proscription (banning of the name from 1603-60 and 1692-1774). In addition, you
should send your results to Alex Williamson for inclusion in The Big Tree (see <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;"><a href="https://www.ytree.net/"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">https://www.ytree.net/</span></a></span></span>). This tree is only for
branches under the SNP R-P312 and therefore not applicable to other groups such
as the I groups which are connected with the Scandinavian countries (and by
implication, Vikings). However, Alex’s tree does deal with results which account
for at least 70% of British and Irish DNA, if not more. You can join the
discussion of this at <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://mcewanjc.org/scotsr1b.htm"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">http://mcewanjc.org/scotsr1b.htm</span></a></span></span>.
You will also find helpful pictorial analyses of population densities at <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;"><a href="https://www.eupedia.com/genetics/britain_ireland_dna.shtml"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">https://www.eupedia.com/genetics/britain_ireland_dna.shtml</span></a></span></span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those of you
most interested in the information on MacGregor SNPs should skip to the end of
this article where I discuss what progress has been made (and will be updated
later in the year). I want to begin by dealing with two specific groups. In the
analyses that follow you <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">will need to
have your kit number to hand as I am not labelling the charts with surnames</b>
(with two exceptions) but will mention surnames in the text of my analysis. You
can easily refer to the surnames for each kit number by looking at the relevant
subgroup in the project: <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor</span></a></span></span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first two groups are what I have termed
Viking 1 and Viking 2: these are separate genetic lines generally associated
with the area including Denmark (Viking 1) and Norway (Viking 2). I should
point out that I have only done analyses at the level of 37, 67, or 111 markers
and have had to exclude 12 and 25 markers as these are too general and not
specific enough to generate discrete results.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
Viking Y chromosome groups<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Viking 1 group
at the level of 37 marker testing we see a common point of origin (typified by
the star shape) in an individual who probably bore the SNP I-M253 (Figure 1):</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Times; letter-spacing: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; orphans: 2; padding: 6px; text-align: center; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div style="margin: 0px;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lrDlaphFVy0/XDShepZaBXI/AAAAAAAAAeo/yB0AVp-jAsQkl1WpLI6egbMEEFtae8I6wCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B1%2BVIKING%2B1%2BCOMPOSITE.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1258" data-original-width="1600" height="250" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lrDlaphFVy0/XDShepZaBXI/AAAAAAAAAeo/yB0AVp-jAsQkl1WpLI6egbMEEFtae8I6wCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B1%2BVIKING%2B1%2BCOMPOSITE.png" style="cursor: move;" width="320" /></a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin: 0px;">
Fig. 1: Viking 1 group at 37 markers Y chromosome</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">From that individual there have come many branches, some
of which split to show connection to a common ancestor more recent than the one
that bore I-M253. In general, the closer together and further up a line the
splits come suggests more recent shared ancestry – but it does not mean that
everyone has the same surname.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Compare
this with the 67-marker chart Figure 2), which has less lines since those who
only did 37 marker testing have dropped off. 67 markers make links much more
obvious especially for splits at the ends of lines.</span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-X3C4czYGKOQ/XDShf327DoI/AAAAAAAAAek/sVkyAEgOw3kplHN5ztu87ZowZemn6m8DgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B2%2BVIKING%2B1%2BCOMPOSITE%2B67.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1376" data-original-width="1272" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-X3C4czYGKOQ/XDShf327DoI/AAAAAAAAAek/sVkyAEgOw3kplHN5ztu87ZowZemn6m8DgCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B2%2BVIKING%2B1%2BCOMPOSITE%2B67.png" width="294" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 2: Viking 1 group at 67 markers Y chromosome</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">In the Figure the three results which include kit 101344,
2 are surnamed Skinner and therefore closely related, but one is Young – it
looks like one or other surname was adopted quite late.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">At this point I should mention that the
programmes I use (Dean McGee’s DNA Comparison Utility and Splitstree [details
at the end]) group individuals by common characteristics that are not always
evident when looking at the number sequences on the Project subgroup grid. In
other words, if there is a mutation or two earlier in the number sequence
(particularly in the first 25) the project grid at FtDNA will change the
position of the results on the grid relative to others who might be more
closely related, whereas, the Splitstree charts tend to ignore smaller
variations and early changes in number of mutations. As a second example, the
group above which includes kit 377721 are all related having the surname White
(however spelt). The genealogies for these three kits connect Scotland, NE
England and Kent. N73491 has the surname Kellogg associated with Essex (across
the river Thames from Kent). If this is accurate then one interpretation is
that there were two Viking brothers who went separate ways, one to north
Britain one south (or both south then one went north!) – but that really is
speculation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Remembering
that DNA testing is entirely random as to who actually decides to test it is
interesting to note that the Viking 2 group (Norway) is less represented than
Viking 1. This could be explained by geography, in that the Danes primarily
colonised the east side of Britain while the Norse went to the north and west (the
Scottish Islands, north Wales, East Ireland) where populations were relatively
smaller.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">When we look
at the 37-marker chart for the Norse group (Figure 3) we see that there are
some very clear groupings related to families. At the 67-marker level (Figure
4) some of the results have dropped off since participants only did 37 markers.
The radiating lines are longer (greater time depth) and what we see may
represent two individuals rather than one as the origin in prehistoric times.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hKVvnF6u0Rs/XDShf9a0kuI/AAAAAAAAAeo/ladWD5xvVdoacOUiwsEHhFLW9O4lWcPGwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B3%2BViking%2B2%2Bcomposite.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1255" data-original-width="1600" height="250" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hKVvnF6u0Rs/XDShf9a0kuI/AAAAAAAAAeo/ladWD5xvVdoacOUiwsEHhFLW9O4lWcPGwCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B3%2BViking%2B2%2Bcomposite.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;">Fig. 3: Viking 2 (Norse) group 37 markers Y chromosome</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p-YR9XnsHps/XDShg4nialI/AAAAAAAAAek/rus3O3ujNZAUgfevtJX9VIzBu0oxSOcUgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B4%2BViking%2B2%2B67%2Bcomposite.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1143" data-original-width="1600" height="228" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-p-YR9XnsHps/XDShg4nialI/AAAAAAAAAek/rus3O3ujNZAUgfevtJX9VIzBu0oxSOcUgCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B4%2BViking%2B2%2B67%2Bcomposite.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 4: Viking 2 (Norse) group 67 markers Y chromosome</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Interestingly there are the same number of more recent
family groupings for less participants than the Viking 1 group. There is a perhaps
a suggestion here of geographical shared origin. The group of 4 results which
include kit 22659 are consistently named King whereas the group which contains
kit 45658 has five different surnames apparently more closely related
genetically: McGregor, McLean, McClister, Mills and White.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is one question which participants with
Scottish ancestry who find they have a Viking Y chromosome ask and that is ‘am
I a Viking?’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The answer to this would be
yes ONLY if the most part of your DNA could be tracked back to the Scandinavian
countries. As it is most Scots whose ancestors stayed in Scotland into the 20<sup>th</sup>
century would find that their male ancestors were largely from haplogroup R1b (related
to Scots modal) and not I (Viking). It was only that perhaps a thousand years
ago that a Viking Y chromosome was ‘inserted’ into the predominantly Celtic clan
environment but then the families who descended from him would continue living
and reproducing in a Celtic/clan environment. Other parts of the DNA – the autosomal
which I discuss further under the Family Finder section – show comparatively few
genes which have ‘Viking’ connections. Yes, there are some, but most indigenous
Scots’ DNA is ‘Celtic’. In a subsequent blog I will discuss the thorny questions
of ‘Who were the Scots? ‘versus ‘Who were the Picts?’ and can we tell the
difference as certain authors suggest we can (and they say that some clans are
Pictish)? In the end it is a similar question to ‘Am I a Viking?’ but probably needed
DNA testing aa thousand years ago1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
Irish-Related group (note spelling both Grier and Greer to show there is no
distinction)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">If we turn now to
the group which I have called Irish Related we find another star shape at 37
markers (Figure 5) which is preserved at 67 markers (Figure 6) suggesting
descent from one individual (who carried SNP R-M222), although this is less
obvious when looking at 111 markers (Figure 7). The group which contains kit
862 is almost exclusively surnamed Greer, however spelt, and this group should
also contain kits 333215 and N225557 (I will move these from where they are in the
Scottish Irish Grier group in due course).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7VygAVo6Kfo/XDShhajuNXI/AAAAAAAAAeo/0xZyqIrYIcUendI77oEWgu06C3oHHIhiwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B5Irish%2B37.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1179" data-original-width="1600" height="234" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7VygAVo6Kfo/XDShhajuNXI/AAAAAAAAAeo/0xZyqIrYIcUendI77oEWgu06C3oHHIhiwCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B5Irish%2B37.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: start;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">Fig. 5: Irish Related group 37 markers Y chromosome</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ScWAgSrpYSo/XDShhcrwstI/AAAAAAAAAes/gNCwnO9Dve0BTC1f1gHMsfXK19HOvSXZwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B6Irish%2B67.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="918" data-original-width="1600" height="182" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ScWAgSrpYSo/XDShhcrwstI/AAAAAAAAAes/gNCwnO9Dve0BTC1f1gHMsfXK19HOvSXZwCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B6Irish%2B67.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; text-align: start;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Fig. 6: Irish Related group 67 markers Y chromosome</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ytSxFp7aCws/XDShhZ_dVUI/AAAAAAAAAeo/8HJ0gZ5s2sQ54_8YvHXg7w9mnDJCSTDegCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B7%2BIrish%2B111.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1356" data-original-width="1330" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ytSxFp7aCws/XDShhZ_dVUI/AAAAAAAAAeo/8HJ0gZ5s2sQ54_8YvHXg7w9mnDJCSTDegCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B7%2BIrish%2B111.png" width="312" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig 7. Irish related group 111 markers Y chromosome</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">I have deliberately included all three Irish Related
charts to show that while we can see relationships at the 37-marker level and
to a lesser extent 67 (without the 37 only participants), when we reach the
number that have tested at 111 markers the relationships detail and closeness
disappears – only the group with kit 862 still has 3 related individuals – </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">all the other close matches have disappeared.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">We see that lines have lengthened, and this
gives us a better understanding of how far back in time the family split
happened. If we look again at the group containing 862, it appears like this
may represent two brothers or even three brothers diverging at a point: this
would need to be checked with genealogies if they exist. I believe this split
may have happened in the United States. When we look at the 111 marker group
and include a chart which estimates the number of years to the Common Ancestor
(using 75% probability on FtDNA’s stated mutation rate in Figure 8) we see that
many of these individuals can trace a relationship back in time to after the
beginning of the Second Millennium (1000AD or 1918BP – before present) which is
interesting given the fact that this represents different surnames it is not a single
surname grid.</span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1VB4es2C-ak/XDShiJWwdeI/AAAAAAAAAes/tRAifkdCKCIkPuQxGl6Xc-sVVct692ZsgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B8%2BIrish%2B111%2B%2BTMRCA.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1184" data-original-width="1600" height="236" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1VB4es2C-ak/XDShiJWwdeI/AAAAAAAAAes/tRAifkdCKCIkPuQxGl6Xc-sVVct692ZsgCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B8%2BIrish%2B111%2B%2BTMRCA.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 8: Irish Related group – 111 markers Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">At this point I should mention that there three other
distinct and unrelated groups of Grier/Greer/Grierson.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">One group of these Greer groups I have termed
Scottish Irish could be from Northern Ireland or South West Scotland. The
second group has Viking genetic heritage (I have called the group Grier
Viking). This latter group descend from 3 or at most 4 separate individuals
whereas the Scottish/Irish Griers (Figure 9) descend from more individuals,
possibly as many as seven (there could well be more in reality, but it is quite
a small test group).</span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lb9IIaIFEoM/XDShisJfbHI/AAAAAAAAAew/F32XFT5PZt4bJ8i1PjrAH7r1Acd8Eqq3wCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B9%2BGrier%2BScottih%253AIrish%2B37.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1356" data-original-width="1546" height="280" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lb9IIaIFEoM/XDShisJfbHI/AAAAAAAAAew/F32XFT5PZt4bJ8i1PjrAH7r1Acd8Eqq3wCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B9%2BGrier%2BScottih%253AIrish%2B37.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 9: Grier Scottish Irish group 37 markers Y chromosome</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">In a case like this, in order to sort out the different
family groups we need participants to undertake SNP testing – preferably Big Y
(since testing one SNP at a time can easily soon mount up in cost and is a much
more hit and miss approach). We do have an example of a SNP which has started
to define different family groups, often tied to surname – although as a SNP it
dates to before the adoption of surnames in Scotland. SNP L1065 has been called
the Scots Modal.</span><br />
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">L1065
SNP – the Scots Modal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">If we apply the Splitstree chart making program to those
who have tested SNPs and who show that they all descend from the individual who
had the L1065 SNP, we see again a star shape suggesting a common origin [YFull
dates this SNP origin point to approximately 1750 years ago] but there are many
separate lines emanating from it with few shared numerical sequences.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">This chart (Figure does NOT include any of
the MacGregor related participant surnames that have tested L1065, nor any of
the other smaller surname groups within the project - it only draws out those
identified in the L1065+, S691+ and S695+ MacGregor Project groups.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">At the end of this Blog you will find all the
surnames in the MacGregor Project who have the L1065+ SNP. My point here is to
show just how diverse the descent was from L1065 using just a few surnames, Alex
Williamson’s Big Tree shows just how many individuals with that SNP there are, (or
rather those who have actually tested – there must be many many more), and how
many surnames it led to (including the main MacGregor line). However, the key
factor is that it is an SNP which originated in Scotland and most of those who
have tested FtDNA’s Big Y or YFull’s DNA testing and now appear on Alex’s tree
show a genealogical origin in Scotland. See: </span><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; text-decoration-line: none;"><a href="https://www.ytree.net/DisplayTree.php?blockID=160"><span style="color: black; text-decoration-line: none;">https://www.ytree.net/DisplayTree.php?blockID=160</span></a></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nG4oV228jTU/XDSheqIj4UI/AAAAAAAAAeg/FihCINIaxrUX7Msn6H3JRYzAQ-5QaDnnwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B10%2BL1065%2BchaRT%2BGRID%2B.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1478" data-original-width="1560" height="302" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nG4oV228jTU/XDSheqIj4UI/AAAAAAAAAeg/FihCINIaxrUX7Msn6H3JRYzAQ-5QaDnnwCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B10%2BL1065%2BchaRT%2BGRID%2B.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 16px;">Fig. 10: L1065 positive results in the MacGregor project (only groups 1065+, S691+ and S695+)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">Two
short specific cases: White; McGhie<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">What we see again and again in DNA genealogy is that
there are multiple origins for surnames especially those which are descriptive.
If we examine the chart (Figure 11) generated by those participants who have
the surname White we see multiple origins for the name. The significance of
White as related to Clan Gregor is that it was a name associated with the clan (sometimes
as an alias) and indeed many other clans. It is the English version of Ban or
Bain and indeed there is one participant with that name who is descended from
Gregor the name father of the clan. All those with the name White are part of
Clan Gregor if they wish to be so the genetic connection is, to a degree,
irrelevant.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lTWpB9HR7GM/XDShem15TqI/AAAAAAAAAek/86UFzpju5voKbtAWgcY3sQr62W1DfsxOQCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B11%2BWhite%2Bchart%2B3.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1088" data-original-width="1440" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lTWpB9HR7GM/XDShem15TqI/AAAAAAAAAek/86UFzpju5voKbtAWgcY3sQr62W1DfsxOQCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B11%2BWhite%2Bchart%2B3.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 11: Diverse genetic origins of surname White</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">A different result is seen with the McGhies (however
spelt). A large cluster of individuals, almost certainly all from the original
emigrant to the United States is found to the right of Figure 12 while there
are two other, unrelated and distant families, of McGee and Magee on the left.
This chart does not include Magees (however spelt) who are assigned to the
Irish related group (and would show as another tangential line on this Figure.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">The connection of the MackGehees, who have a
tradition of change of name from MacGregor on arrival in America, is not clear.
The reference to Iain Dubh (MacGregor) is a supposition.</span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-44-rugCtLAw/XDShflj1KeI/AAAAAAAAAek/isTri5WVbLQI7LE-FZbiw-2irAMFrEO6gCEwYBhgL/s1600/Fig%2B12%2BMcGee%2BMcGhie.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="1600" height="168" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-44-rugCtLAw/XDShflj1KeI/AAAAAAAAAek/isTri5WVbLQI7LE-FZbiw-2irAMFrEO6gCEwYBhgL/s320/Fig%2B12%2BMcGee%2BMcGhie.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 12: McGhie/MacGehee/McGee at 37 markers</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">I have concentrated on STR data, especially in Figure 11
above because at the moment the best source of SNP analysis is the previously
mentioned Alex Williamson The Big Tree and to show it can be used to expand on
STR results there is a good example which elaborates two of the McGhie (however
spelt) results located on the right-hand group. The relevant Big Tree Block is:
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; text-decoration-line: none;"><a href="https://www.ytree.net/DisplayTree.php?blockID=16"><span style="color: black; text-decoration-line: none;">https://www.ytree.net/DisplayTree.php?blockID=16</span></a></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">.
The two SNP results which relate to the McGhie results are for Thomas_Ma1 and
William_M1 in Figure 12 which lie within the large group. Both individuals have
the SNP R-BY172925 which is a descendant of SNP Z255, sometimes referred to as
the Irish Sea Haplotype from its general geographical distribution. The DNA
shows that this split occurred much earlier than that which led to the cots
Modal L1065+ having occurred in prehistoric time.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
current problem in SNP testing with respect to families<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">SNP testing IS the way forward for DNA genealogy but
there is a particular issue associated with confidently assigning individual to
family groups and especially with the MacGregor ‘houses’ or discrete families
(such as Roro etc). The problem resides with SNPs that are ‘no shows’ – in other
words have not given a result in the testing. In a recent communication on this
Professor Neil McGregor elaborated on the essential problem this brings. When
you consider that the Big Y DNA test looks at about 2,000,000 SNPs [out of
approximately 10,000,000 in humans] which is allied to an extensive STR
analysis then any missing key data [that is, ‘no reads’] is a problem. Rather
than summarise I give an edited version of Neil’s email to me:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">I
certainly can separate every individual within the group. Every person has at
least 2-4 unique SNPs, but many have common SNPs with a small sub cluster of
people, thereby allocating them to a subfamily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I only use the SNPs that have high levels of accuracy to do this, but
this leaves me with a significant quandary. There are exactly 100 SNPS which
have higher levels of no reads which should be capable of subdividing the
branches more accurately. Of these ~20 are critical in dividing the clan
participants into the final family clusters and sub clusters. I will be contacting
familytreedna to request they address this issue in their data analysis. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
second major problem is that if you wish to compare the BIGY data you have to
redownload every individual each time [you do it] as familytreedna keep adding
SNPs and they also allocate some of the unique SNPs a new name (e.g BY1123252)
and they drop the old position number so that prevents one from easily
comparing the changes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The third major problem is working out who has a back
mutation of a SNP which tends to make you place them in one group until one
sees the whole dataset. They may have one match with two separate individuals
but have multiple matches with others who do not match the common one. I
personally have one of those in my data. I do not believe I will be able to
separate them until the ‘no read’ SNP data can be clarified better.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">When Neil checked his own genetic data using STR and SNP
data this is what he found: “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">My nearest match in the SNP data was allocated as a
distant cousin in the STR data 450 years using 111 STR data and 630 years to
common ancestor using 37 [marker] data”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In summary, any
allocations to individual families within a surname subgroup – especially the
MacGregors – needs to be provisional until the ‘no read’ data issue is resolved
since these currently unavailable SNPs could well change the allocation of an
individual from one family subgroup to another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> The</span> update for the MacGregor SNP family groupings is now added here {Fig. 13] from Neil's analysis but is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">provisional</b>
pending clarifications as outlined above. It is quite likely that we will
eventually suggest specific SNPs that individuals should have tested but we are
not yet at that point.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
scope of Family Finder (or Ancestry DNA or similar test)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">I have been asked several times “why do you not do a
surname study grouping for Family Finder?”. The simple answer it simply isn’t
feasible. Consider this scenario: in six generations every individual could
have 64 different ancestors with 64 different surnames. Take 100 individuals:
then you might have to include 64,000 different surnames. Take 1000 individuals
and you could have up to 640,000 different surnames.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What you then need is a database that
compares results with all the other results in a project and that is exactly
what the various companies’ databases do in order to find individuals whose
genetic signature is similar in some places to yours. The more similar the DNA
the more likely it is that the second person is recently related. Then, each
company estimates what the actual relationship might be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first problem is – very few people can
confidently say who every one of their 64 ancestors was actually called as a
surname (especially the earlier females). The second problem is - to make a
comparison you need to have uploaded your family tree so surnames can be
compared with any other person. It really baffles me that someone would do the
Family Finder test and not put in their ancestral names at least. So, you might
have a good match, but your match has inserted no family detail at all – how
can you compare and estimate the connection? The third problem is – you write
to the email address and get no reply: did the person see the mail and choose
not to answer; did the mail go into their Junk or Spam folder and they never
saw it; is the email address even current and has never been updated?; did the
person do the test but has never done any genealogy – it just seemed like a good idea?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What I am
saying is that Family Finder requires active genealogical and communicative
information from all who do that test. The material that others need in order
to compare with you can only be there if you input it. You don’t need a Project
Admin to do this for you – in fact, only you know your genealogy, a Project
Admin almost always has no specific information on your family tree. Finally,
even if you find genealogy information inputted always remember that it may be
full of assumptions and can have inaccurate family links, which means you have
to check the accuracy for yourself. Finally, remember that the predictions that
are offered by the testing company on possible relations are exactly that,
predictions, not facts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-o3jGI4YKSHM/XF4Ee_Fn2TI/AAAAAAAAAe4/6itZ409AlhAB83UXd7B7zUQt74M5tMRtwCLcBGAs/s1600/SNP%2Btree%2B2019.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="791" data-original-width="1600" height="158" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-o3jGI4YKSHM/XF4Ee_Fn2TI/AAAAAAAAAe4/6itZ409AlhAB83UXd7B7zUQt74M5tMRtwCLcBGAs/s320/SNP%2Btree%2B2019.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fig. 13 Provisional MacGregor SNP family allocation 2019</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mitochondrial
DNA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">If you have taken an MtDNA test with Family Tree DNA and
are in the MacGregor Project, you will find from the Project menu that you can
look at the female haplogroup groupings by selecting to view the mitochondrial
results. You will notice that I have assigned everyone to their appropriate
alphabetical group. However mitochondrial groups have subdivisions, so,
haplogroup J, for example, has many subdivisions (not as many, by far, as
haplogroup H). If your subgroup is, say, J1a1b1a then you will most closely
match someone with the same configuration. You should then look at the column
with the DNA results which will show if you have an exact match or if there are
some different mutations. Mutations suggest an ancestor further back (to give
time for mutations to have taken place) and it may be hard to find the exact
common ancestor since very few genealogies have all the female surnames back
much further than the mid eighteenth century (if you are lucky!). You may be
able to tie back to a geographical location rather than to an individual.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Remember that MtDNA is passed from a mother
to her children but only daughters can pass it on. In that sense it works like
a bit like the Y chromosome, except that surnames change with every generation
and it is thus comparatively rare to be able trace back to an ancestor in the
past (though it was done in the case of Richard III – whose bones were dug up
in a Leicester car park and which were identified by a mitochondrial descent to
the present day).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Finally</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">As always you
can ask me to generate limited charts with your results along with others which
look potentially related. If you could keep the number of individual results to
about a dozen per query that would be helpful. Also, don’t forget that this is
for comparison of STR data </span><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">not SNP</b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;">
and better results are obtained when comparing larger numbers of markers.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Again,
I would repeat Neil’s encouragement to do BigY if you can – please ask me for
further information if needed [richardmcgregor1ATyahoo.co.uk substituting @ for
AT]</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">Charts were constructed using Dee McGee’s Utility at </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode</span></a></span></span>,
using a 75% level of confidence, on Family Tree DNA’s mutation rate, an average
of 30 years per generation and with no modal results assigned (except where
indicated). The graphic representations of phylogenetic trees are made by
Splitstree:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">D. H.
Huson and D. Bryant, <span class="MsoHyperlink"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;"><a href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/msj030?ijkey=GvcBFw4QPIORzUE&keytype=ref" target="_blank"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">Application of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary
Studies</span></a></span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">,</i>
Mol. Biol. Evol., 23(2):254-267, 2006.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;">Surname participants in the MacGregor project who have
SNP L1065+ – not everyone with the surname will have L1065+: MacGregor;
Anderson; Bain; Lawrie; McLachlan; Tuttle; McFarlane/McFarlane; Buchanan;
Miller; Laird; McDaniel; Adams; Duncan; Simpson; Stewart; Watkins; Davis;
Gregory; King; Moore; Cain; Grier; Jamieson; Murchison; Cameron; Griffin;
Napier; Doran; Bissett; Gillis; Ferguson; Allen; McViccar; McAfee; BradyPierce;
Kincaid; (Mc)Whannell; Hanby; Brown; More-Gordon; Henderson; Laird; Eunson;
Colborne; Peden; Robertson; Scott; Looper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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-->MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-52003539651118137792018-01-10T00:24:00.000+00:002018-09-14T21:00:16.840+01:00<div class="MsoNormal">
MacGregor DNA Project <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>blog update 2018<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This year’s blog will be slightly different from those done
previously in that I want to spend a portion of it explaining how genetic
genealogy helps us understand intra-clan relationships but in order to continue
I need to say exactly what a Scottish clan is, as there are some particular
misconceptions concerning the exact nature of clan in the 21<sup>st</sup>
century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the end, I go on to discuss
how SNPs are helping to build up a better picture of family groupings within
the main line MacGregor family tree after the mid 14<sup>th</sup> century.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What is a clan in
Scottish usage?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Six hundred years ago this question was quite simple to
answer. You were associated with a clan if you had been born with the name – in
the MacGregors’ case that might be expressed as Gregor, Grigor, MacGregor,
McGrigor, McGregor and a whole range of alternative spellings such as, for
example, McGreagor (an attempt to render the Gaelic phonetically into English?).
At that time too spelling had not been standardised - so one might find
Mckgregor, M’gregor and so on. You were also a member of the clan if your name
was an accepted variant, such as Grierson, or Grier, Greig/Grieg/Grig etc.
These were considered to be shortened or anglised versions of the main clan
name. So, Grier-son equals Gregor-son and Grier is the same name without the
‘son’ on the end.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Whether or not these accepted names
were genetically related to the main line was not the point, as a clan was a
collection of related surnames. Members of the clan recognised as Chief the
head of the main line (the Chief of the MacGregors for example), and often,
especially in the early days relied on him for protection, or rather, on his
ability to pull a ‘federation’ of individuals together to ensure, usually
armed, protection, or, as a means of seeking retribution on another group for
some offence.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
There were others associated with
individual clans. People who belonged to individual septs. Sometimes the same
name would appear in two or more lists of accepted septs of different clans –
such is the case with surname King, among others. Again, some descriptive words
used as surnames were understood to have been borne by people associated with
the clan, and these surnames are found in many clan lists: Bain (or Ban) or its
anglicised equivalent White; Roy meaning Red; Dhu or Dow meaning dark or black,
are some examples.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Finally, there were people who
answered none of these ‘qualification’ but who lived on the land which was
under the Chief’s influence as ‘part-takers’. Grant and Menzies rental
documents of the 18<sup>th</sup> century reveal instances where individuals
adopted the name of the local chief where formerly they were called only by
their patronymics. A patronymic shows the genealogy of an individual back two
generations – so my patronymic would be Richard McEwan VicPeter: there McEwan
is not a surname but shows that my father was Ewan (not THAT Ewan). On a rental
document you might find John McGregor VicPatrick which means that John’s father
was Gregor and his grandfather Patrick: if John were a very poor inhabitant – a
cottar – it might be that he had lost the knowledge that he was a genetic
MacGregor and so ended up taking the surname Grant. It’s unusual to find this
situation among MacGregors because of their turbulent history but it happens in
other clans. Paradoxically because the MacGregor name was proscribed
[forbidden] for so long [1603-60 and 1693 to 1774] it seems many families held
on to the knowledge that they were MacGregors despite having been forced to
take other surnames. Some families never changed back to MacGregor when it was
finally possible to do so – which is why in the DNA project we see individuals
called Drummond, Stirling, Campbell etc who are genetically MacGregors - their
ancestors never readopted the name when it was safe to do so.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What is clan in the
21<sup>st</sup> century?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To some the concept of clan in the present century is an
irrelevance. We no longer need the Chief to protect us and we no longer live in
defined communities of inter-related individuals offering support to each other
in the same way. In the 21<sup>st</sup> century a clan is made up of people who
value the bonds of kinship often promoted by Clan Societies, and they value
the, sometimes surprising, connections that clan association brings. At its
gathering in 2014 the Clan Gregor Society of Scotland had 11 nationalities
represented, some of whom like the Philippine and South African contingents
actually shared a recent common ancestor. Members of a clan still recognise the
Chief as head of the clan, but, as I have explained, it is likely that
relatively few share a common ancestor with him (or her). Most Clan Societies
recognise that finding paper evidence of relationships becomes increasingly
difficult before 1750 and therefore accept both female line connection (e.g. ‘great
grandmother was a MacGregor’, or a King, or a Bain etc), or, that there is a
tradition within a family of MacGregor clan connection.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What does genetic
genealogy tell us?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">That
people called by a certain surname are not necessarily descended from a common
ancestor, although as we have found in the DNA project approximately 50% within
a surname subgroup do share a common ancestor. (I will explain my subgrouping
in a moment)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">That
there are different groups of individuals called, say MacGregor, who share a
common ancestor in the fairly recent past but the connection of one group of
these MacGregors to each other is likely to lie thousands of years in the past
and pre-surnames<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">That
there are multiple origins for surname groups<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">That
clan sept names have varied genetic origins and not just one single origin
within the period of the existence of surnames (surnames become more common after
the mid 14<sup>th</sup> century, particularly in England following the Black
Death as there was more movement of labour to replace those lost to the plague)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The MacGregor DNA project at this date has 1427 members. In
order to make the results easier to navigate I have divided them up into
subgroups. The advantage to this is that within a subgroup it is easier to see
individuals who are potentially related, in the more recent past, to each other,
because they appear in the surname grid near to each other. It also shows up
where there are multiple origins for surnames, and is particularly useful where
some members of the subgroup are able to indicate an earliest known ancestor.
In a good number of cases that ancestor will be shared with other members of
the subgroup and some of the group may not have the genealogical information
that others have and so find their link to the past. It can also suggest
geographical location for the ancestor. The disadvantage is that members of
different subgroups in the results grid cannot quickly compare their results with
members of other subgroups, but in a Y chromosome study that is less of a problem.
In any case everyone has access to a ‘Matches’ tab on their DNA results page
and also everyone can use Ysearch and Mitosearch.org. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
To further illustrate what can be
done I will demonstrate with one subgroup. Regular readers of this blog know
that I have offered to make any comparisons between individuals that are
wanted. It would be helpful if this could normally be limited to 10-12 results
for comparison. Also, please remember that I have to be able to compare like
for like – so I cannot compare a 37 result with a 67 – I can only use the first
37 of the latter for the comparison.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Example 1: Greig/Grieg/Gregg etc surname 37 marker result
grid<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xZKjv2LCNj4/WlUOVLC37hI/AAAAAAAAAcY/tsLAi2AMJXkJs8kIKk2DmK_0J-T4GPNeQCLcBGAs/s1600/Gregor%2Bno%2B1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="1600" height="155" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-xZKjv2LCNj4/WlUOVLC37hI/AAAAAAAAAcY/tsLAi2AMJXkJs8kIKk2DmK_0J-T4GPNeQCLcBGAs/s320/Gregor%2Bno%2B1.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
The first example shows all the 37 marker results for this
subgroup. No colours are present in this grid to show mutations because we are
not trying to compare individuals to one ‘master’ result or even to an
‘average’ or modal result. It can be hard without colours to see how one
individual is related to another but in general if results are closer together on
the grid they would tend to be more closely related genetically (but just being
close on the grid does not <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">necessarily</b>
pick up results that are more related than others). That is why we use a
graphics program to make comparing results more visual in what is known as a phylogenetic
tree. Also the program used picks up similarities across results that might not
be immediately obvious to the eye.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Example 2: Greig/Grieg/Gregg etc surname 37 marker
phylogenetic tree<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f-jLz6oAT44/WlUOfv6xqwI/AAAAAAAAAco/DdSVWfnCo_QijvWf4twcfzIUZ57J0ThpACEwYBhgL/s1600/Gregor%2B1%2Bas%2Bpicture.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="957" data-original-width="1600" height="191" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f-jLz6oAT44/WlUOfv6xqwI/AAAAAAAAAco/DdSVWfnCo_QijvWf4twcfzIUZ57J0ThpACEwYBhgL/s320/Gregor%2B1%2Bas%2Bpicture.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The second example therefore shows the chart in graphic form,
generated by Splitstree (acknowledgement is given at the bottom of this blog).
I have labelled them as the chart is labelled so perhaps the easiest way to
make comparisons is to print off both examples and cross-refer between them. In
this graphic representation some relationships become more obvious but there also
are some surprises. The first, and most important, point to make is that we are
seeing at least 11 distinct family groups who each shared a common ancestor many
thousands of years ago long before surnames became common. So we see at least
11 different genetic origins for people called Greig, Grigg, Gragg and Gregor.
In general, if results are closely clustered together on the graphic then they
probably share a recent common ancestor (and by recent I mean since the
acquisition of surnames).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">There
are 7 individuals (kit 20673 is one) who share a common ancestor who could be
the William Gregg born in 1616 or his immediate forebears - an early emigrant
to the New World. This family have no spelling variations – always Gregg – so
may have been literate from the earliest emigrant<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">There
is a group of 3 (kit 214992 is one), who are related and may have a connection
to Tipperary in Ireland: these families are Gregg or Gragg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">There
is another group of 3 (kit 239449 is one) - these connect to a common ancestor
but there is no indication of who this might be in the genealogies submitted –
these used spellings Grieg, Greig and Gregg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Another
group of 4 (kit 158127 is one) who seem to connect to Antrim in Ireland (using
Gragg and Gregg)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">There
is a group of 3 (45360 is one) who connect to Edinburgh and Pathhead (a nearby
village)(surnames are Greig and Gregg)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">There
is a group of individuals who are genetically related and with geographical
links to North East Scotland with very different versions of the name: Griggs,
Greig and Grigor (9690 is one of these)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">A
group of 2 (kit 6979 is one) using Gregg (no locations available)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
All other individuals appear to belong to separate unrelated
families although the distant possible connection between Gregor(y) 476609 and
Charles Greig 585177 would be worth further investigation. Robert Gregor 239031
belongs to a completely different genetic haplogroup.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Example 3: Greig/Grieg/Gregg etc surname 67 marker grid</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8zw3N5szjMI/WlUOabT9GpI/AAAAAAAAAco/ZJ7qInX-AO4BXJ6F_eLm014fFOcoQzk6QCEwYBhgL/s1600/Gregor%2Bno%2B2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="253" data-original-width="1600" height="50" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8zw3N5szjMI/WlUOabT9GpI/AAAAAAAAAco/ZJ7qInX-AO4BXJ6F_eLm014fFOcoQzk6QCEwYBhgL/s320/Gregor%2Bno%2B2.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This example [Examples 3 and 4] shows the smaller group of
individuals who have tested 67 markers (they are all in the 37 group discussed
above). What we are interested in is whether the greater number of markers
gives any further information on genetic connections. Since 50% of the sample
shown in Example 1 and 2 is now not present, the graphic representation is much
sparser. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Example 4: Greig/Grieg/Gregg etc surname 67 marker
phylogenetic tree</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8R1CcgVjbBk/WlUOiVURVBI/AAAAAAAAAco/_KTenu3u7qIf2oUAV-LWEbtfBXvFN79UgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Gregor%2B2%2Bas%2Bpicture.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="874" data-original-width="1600" height="174" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8R1CcgVjbBk/WlUOiVURVBI/AAAAAAAAAco/_KTenu3u7qIf2oUAV-LWEbtfBXvFN79UgCEwYBhgL/s320/Gregor%2B2%2Bas%2Bpicture.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The problem that is immediately apparent [in Example 4] is
that without a larger number of individuals testing to 67 (or more markers)
family groups do not break down significantly further.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Example 4 the only possible confirmation
seen is that Kits 7489 Gregg, 214992 Gragg and 9690 Greig may share a common
ancestor in the relatively distant past but it is possible that all three share
a geographical origin – <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>North East
Scotland as suggested in point 6 above.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>***<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By way of comparison I have used the same processes on the
Gregory group who also have diverse origins, but what is particularly
interesting with this group - given that membership of a DNA surname testing
project is essentially based on random participation - is to see just how many
individuals descend from the same ancestor: almost certainly, given that there
are forebears in common (for example Gideon Gregory – kits 58711 and 179683)
then this group probably had a common emigrant ancestor in the United States. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Example 5: – Gregory surname 37 marker phylogenetic tree</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9rIl22IC6MQ/WlUQe2yPlLI/AAAAAAAAAcw/otLSZFLpQs8UUdQkyOhUj0tB25WZSbTDgCLcBGAs/s1600/Gregory%2B37s.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="892" data-original-width="1600" height="178" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9rIl22IC6MQ/WlUQe2yPlLI/AAAAAAAAAcw/otLSZFLpQs8UUdQkyOhUj0tB25WZSbTDgCLcBGAs/s320/Gregory%2B37s.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Apart from that group of related individuals there are only
4 other, much smaller groups, whose individual ancestry lies close to each
other – their ‘earliest known ancestor’ as given by each participant, </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">suggesting a range of possible genetic origins
(see the grid on Example 6)</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Example 6: Gregory surname 37 marker grid</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KXRdIdCS7PE/WlURQZco7mI/AAAAAAAAAdA/_ig6RfbpTocjSbvJDYDYr6i5CHRT00KkQCLcBGAs/s1600/Gregory%2B37%2Bgrid.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="752" data-original-width="1600" height="150" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KXRdIdCS7PE/WlURQZco7mI/AAAAAAAAAdA/_ig6RfbpTocjSbvJDYDYr6i5CHRT00KkQCLcBGAs/s320/Gregory%2B37%2Bgrid.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dean McGee’s DNA Utility allows an estimate of <b>time to most recent common ancestor.</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Example 7: Gregory surname 37 marker Time to Most Recent
Common Ancestor grid (partial)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z9P49vgzDVY/WlUQkK-s3kI/AAAAAAAAAc8/QCkUBjcHYtMAQO80sCJAIdDekAxSvt8mwCEwYBhgL/s1600/TMRCA%2BGregory%2B37.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="844" data-original-width="1600" height="168" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-z9P49vgzDVY/WlUQkK-s3kI/AAAAAAAAAc8/QCkUBjcHYtMAQO80sCJAIdDekAxSvt8mwCEwYBhgL/s320/TMRCA%2BGregory%2B37.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This
is only an estimate and the number of years suggested always depends on the
confidence level chosen for the program – choosing 100% confidence would give a
different result from choosing 10% confidence. In this example from the Gregory
charts we see an estimate of the possible time to the shared ancestor for the each
individuals in the group with each other person. In order to see a good number
of results I have had to remove the labels from the top grid but they can
simply be put in by hand - going from left to right on the grid top line in the
same order as reading top to bottom. Notice, for example, that comparing the
first two individuals ‘Peter R. Gregory’ 275887 and Gregory 37140 suggests that
they share a common ancestor 5220 years ago. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">All of these analyses
benefit greatly – and benefit other genealogists – if testers indicate the name
of their earliest known male ancestor with the surname – no matter how recent
that might be.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If we now look at the phylogenetic tree created when we use
only those kits that have tested to 67 marker level the only real difference is
that some of the genetic distances seems to be clearer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Example 8 Gregory DNA 67 marker grid</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-D857j45NhGA/WlUQqc1JHfI/AAAAAAAAAc8/wi_cNYlfDqkUxCv_tFRUOrpk-m1D0Dl0gCEwYBhgL/s1600/Gregory%2B67%2Bcorrected.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="890" data-original-width="1600" height="178" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-D857j45NhGA/WlUQqc1JHfI/AAAAAAAAAc8/wi_cNYlfDqkUxCv_tFRUOrpk-m1D0Dl0gCEwYBhgL/s320/Gregory%2B67%2Bcorrected.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However, this particular program only
separates by mutation – so if we look at the Gideon Gregory results again it looks
like they come from different lines of the same family, rather than from the
common ancestor Gideon. This is a limitation not of the program but of an
ability to input into the program that two results come from the same ancestor.
We have to remember that programs such as this were not designed primarily for
family history but for comparing genetic markers in species and not just the
human species. After all, it would be next to impossible to say whether two
turtles shared the same great great grandfather …</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The development of
SNP analysis<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For several years now there has been an increasing focus on
the testing and analysis of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms). The
difference between these and the more commonly tested STRs was given in my 2014
blog (opening paragraphs). To put it simply, SNPs are markers in time: as far
as is known if these mutate they stay mutated in subsequent generations. What
that means is that once enough SNPs are identified an element of dating can be
applied to when the mutation happened. For family historians this fact is becoming
hugely important. Dating SNPs to the time before surnames is of limited use to
family historians but to have dates, even approximate, from the time after the
adoption of surnames means that family surname groups can be split down into
smaller and more recent family subgroups.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On the Greig and Gregor grids I show the SNP information which is
assigned to each individual in the leftmost column. In most cases this is
simply M269, a SNP that happened thousands of years ago. Some individuals have
had some SNP testing done but very few people have had the ‘Big Y’ test done
which takes results forward in time towards the present day, and identifies SNPs
which may have happened between 500 and 800 years ago.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Greig SNPs<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the Greig grid confirmed SNPs are in green. M269 is too
early in date to be considered so the only other SNPs to be taken into account are
kit 476609 R-L066; 363402 R-FGC10125; 259416 R-U152; 585177 R-Z253; 195430
R-U106; 295321 R-FGC5494; 404866 R-FGC37100; 110496 R-L21; B196295 R-ZP77; and
239031 T-M70<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Of these U152, R-Z253, R-U106, R-L21 are well known early
SNPs which happened before surnames, sometimes by thousands of years and most
have further testing options available to bring the results further forward in
time. FGC in the results indicates that the SNP was identified by the Full
Genome Corp (as indeed the other letters identify the source lab or individual
who identified the SNP in question in the first place). Of the other SNPs:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">L1066 </b>is more
recent but still before surnames. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[see <a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/l1066-plus/about/background">https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/l1066-plus/about/background</a>].<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">FGC10125</b> [see <a href="https://www.geni.com/projects/R-FGC10125-Y-DNA/36784">https://www.geni.com/projects/R-FGC10125-Y-DNA/36784</a>]<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
is the next SNP in the sequence for some individuals after <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">L1065</b> [not the same as L1066] which is
said to identify the Scots modal group <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[see <a href="http://www.ytree.net/DisplayTree.php?blockID=160">http://www.ytree.net/DisplayTree.php?blockID=160</a>]
Since L1065 roughly dates to 1750 years before the present, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">FGC10125</b> may have happened before
surnames. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">FGC5494</b> is
European in origin but again is somewhat earlier than surnames, and has SNPs
which descend from it towards the present time <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[see <a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/r-fgc5494/about/background">https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/r-fgc5494/about/background</a>].
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">FGC37100 </b>is a
descendant, or technically, ‘downstream’ of L151 – that SNP is again an much earlier
one and found in England as well as other places. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ZP77</b> is the same
as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">FGC6562</b> and is found in
concentrations in Ireland and to a lesser degree in Scotland: it also has
numerous downstream markers <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
[see <a href="https://www.yfull.com/branch-info/R-ZP77/">https://www.yfull.com/branch-info/R-ZP77/</a>]<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Finally <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">T-M70</b> is
an very early SNP with a distribution over southern Europe, the Middle East and
East Africa. It is comparatively rare among tested individuals [see <a href="http://www.yfull.com/branch-info/T-M70/">www.yfull.com/branch-info/T-M70/</a>
which dates it to 16,000 years before the present].<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Similar discussion on identified SNPs could be done for all
the subgroups in the MacGregor DNA project. The Gregory group, for example, has
the following identified SNPs (see example 6): <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
R-S16906; DF21; R-CTS7678; L48; Z343; R-P312; R-L1336;
R-BY15955;R-S691<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">MacGregor DNA –
current SNP analysis<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The work which Neil McGregor in Australia has been doing in
analysing MacGregor SNPs is not concerned with the earlier SNPs. We already
knew from Jim Wilson’s work that most MacGregors in the main line group carried
the SNPs S690+ and S697+, both probably dating from after 1200AD (though no
absolute dating is yet available). In his analyses Neil has begun to break down
the test results of MacGregor participants into individual family groups –
which the clan has known about for generations and which are referred to in
older documents as the ‘houses’ or ‘sleik’ [of] Clan Gregor, the main ‘houses’
being Glenstrae, Roro, Gregor McIan (or Brackley) Dugall Keir and more recently
‘of Glencarnock’ the Chief’s line (Glencarnock is the area they held from the
mid 18<sup>th</sup> century).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Neil’s current identification of family groups is given in
Example 9:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Example 9: current predictions of SNPs associated with
MacGregor family groups.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4h4x0VSbrFg/WlUSl0n6pLI/AAAAAAAAAdQ/nb_k34a6pwQX8-PEW1GJlpKytxcfPaRqACLcBGAs/s1600/ClanGregorPhyloTreeJan2018.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="813" data-original-width="1600" height="162" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4h4x0VSbrFg/WlUSl0n6pLI/AAAAAAAAAdQ/nb_k34a6pwQX8-PEW1GJlpKytxcfPaRqACLcBGAs/s320/ClanGregorPhyloTreeJan2018.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Neil’s email to me allowing this to be included in the blog suggests
that MacGregors from the main line should seriously now consider doing the BigY
DNA test (rather than FGC – Full Genome Corps – with whom we have also
undertaken testing). He says:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black;">“The best recommendation is that
people get BigY as everybody seems to have between 3 and 8 separate SNPs which
will allow them to be separated from everybody [else], other than from their
own immediate family or first cousins. Some of them [those who have tested
under BigY] appear to have a cluster of SNPs which appear to have mutated
together and may represent one mutation. A mutation seems to be as low as once
per generation through to once every 4-5 generations – seems related to the
number of STR [the marker scores than participants start with] mutations as
well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black;">The clan seems to be divided into
two major clusters and this would appear to be early on. The section I am in
has at least 3-5 sub-branches as does the other major group. The dividing SNP
appears to be BY28714”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black;">Just to repeat that I can do
comparisons of STR results for individuals – comparing with up to 10 to 12
others. I would repeat Neil’s encouragement to do BigY if you can – please ask
me for further information if needed [richardmcgregor1ATyahoo.co.uk
substituting @ for AT]</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I have just had a comment from EMC which is worth repeating here in case folks miss it:<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 12px;">It is important to note that the results Neil has recently shown are also due to FTDNA reprocessing BigY kits under a new genome reference called HG38. Prior, under HG19, many of the SNP's used now were heretofore unknown. This SNP refinement is important.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Charts were
constructed using Dee McGee’s Utility at </span><a href="http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode</span></a><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">, using a 75% level of confidence, on
Doug MacDonald’s mutation rate, an average of 30 years per generation and with
no modal results assigned. The graphic representations of phylogenetic trees are
made by Splitstree:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: black;">D. H. Huson and D.
Bryant, </span><a href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/msj030?ijkey=GvcBFw4QPIORzUE&keytype=ref" target="_blank"><span style="background: white; color: black;">Application
of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies</span></a><span style="background: white; color: black;">, Mol. Biol. Evol., 23(2):254-267, 2006</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-56584517661964785652017-01-01T23:33:00.000+00:002017-07-07T23:18:45.741+01:00<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">MacGregor DNA Project January 2017 update<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
I used the 2015 update of this
blog to explore the various tests available. Since then there has been a
noticeable increase in the number of individuals taking the test known as ‘<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Family
Finder’</i>,</b> or something similar, rather than Y chromosome or mtDNA tests.
This has probably been as a result of quite aggressive marketing by
Ancestry.com [it has a variety of website endings depending on where it is
based] in particular. This has promoted the equal use of DNA testing for both
males and females and tied it into the submission of family trees which individual
testers can use to identify the same family name(s) with others who have tested
and submitted their genealogies. What has perhaps been rather glossed over in
this is the fact, firstly, that DNA gets ‘lost’ over time – if it didn’t we
would have the DNA of billions of ancestors in our bodies, and, secondly, that
it is only a tiny portion of our DNA which is currently being examined for
genealogical purposes. In relation to the latter, if you took all the DNA out
of your approximately 100 trillion cells and stretched it out in a long line,
with DNA in one cell being about 2 metres long, it would reach to the moon and
back about 8000 times. By comparison, if you did a similar process to your
veins, arteries and capillaries they would measure about 100,000 kilometres (or
62,000+ miles) or roughly twice the height, or thereabouts, that aircraft fly
above the earth.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">You
do not inherit 25% of your autosomal ancestry from each of your 4 grandparents</b>.
This is because your autosomal DNA is randomly recombined, and not in equal
proportions from each parent, and so the more you go back in time the
percentage inherited from people in a particular generation becomes smaller and
smaller and therefore the more distant the ancestor is the more difficult it
becomes to identify what you received from that person. What then are the
chances of that same bit of DNA being preserved from a specific ancestor in
yourself and someone else? For example, if your name is, say, Smith, and your
male MacGregor ancestor lived 10 generations ago on your mother’s side it is really
not feasible with today’s technology to identify that DNA by looking at your
DNA today. The tests which are offered by Ancestry, Family Tree DNA etc. only
try to identify links to 5/6 generations back. The key thing to remember is
that if you and someone else have, say, people called Brown in your trees it
does not necessarily mean that you have a recent ancestor in common, or indeed
that you have any ancestor called Brown in common at all. For these tests of
connection to work properly, you, and the person you are comparing with, need
to have <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">as much genealogical information
as possible on every ancestral line</b> in your respective trees, going back 5
or 6 generations (as well as a significant shared portion of DNA). This
information can be displayed on a fan chart such as this one, which can be
viewed at:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<o:p> </o:p><a href="https://springfieldmuseums.org/collections/item/ancestral-fan-chart-perry-family-tree/" style="font-size: 12pt;">https://springfieldmuseums.org/collections/item/ancestral-fan-chart-perry-family-tree/</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gmBH8LdFUAc/WGWQiOqZ3II/AAAAAAAAAaM/Yd15T-ZKiNwbegGQBkJCSeJWnQU4OcX_gCK4B/s1600/ancestral-fan-chart-perry-family-tree.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gmBH8LdFUAc/WGWQiOqZ3II/AAAAAAAAAaM/Yd15T-ZKiNwbegGQBkJCSeJWnQU4OcX_gCK4B/s320/ancestral-fan-chart-perry-family-tree.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><b>Fig 1. fan chart example - Perry</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
You and the person you are
comparing with both have to put all your family information into one of the
computer genealogy programs (like Family Tree Maker, Reunion etc.), save it as
a GEDCOM file, and upload it to whichever DNA company you have tested autosomal
DNA with. The possible links between the two family trees are then highlighted
in some way which allows a comparison of ancestry to be made in order to
explore if there is a family match on some surname. The fact that there is a
match on surname does not necessarily mean that it is the same family, only
that there is a surname in common. Clearly the more unusual the surname, the
more likely that the match will be with the same family. In my own case the
extensive GEDCOM file that I have made found a name match in another equally
detailed GEDCOM tree which linked to a common ancestor born towards the end of
the 18<sup>th</sup> century in the Volga German colonies in Russia, although in
fact this was just confirmation of a previously suspected connection found by
traditional genealogical research (I’ll come back to this later). Clearly autosomal
testing COULD be very valuable, despite these caveats, for females who cannot
take advantage of the Y chromosome test which only men can do since it relates
directly to father’s surname (unless of course a father, brother, or cousin who
has the name of interest will do the test on the female’s behalf).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is another benefit to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">autosomal testing</b> in that portions of a
person’s DNA can be compared with typical results from other ethnic groups. So,
for example, a person might find through this utility (sometimes called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">My Origins</i> or similar) that they have,
for example, Mediterranean, African, or Native American ancestry as part of
their genetic makeup. This won’t be a link to a specific person (unless of
course this genealogy is already known or at least suspected) but is often of
interest when an individual wants to know the answer to the question ‘where did
I come from?’. This is explored a bit more later in this blog. What we
invariably find is that our most ancient ancestry is incredibly mixed and that
our own personal ethnic makeup links back to many different regions and races. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Economist</i> discussing the work of
scientist and geneticist Luigi Luca Cavalii-Sforza remarked that his work <span style="background: white; color: #252525;">"challenges the
assumption that there are significant genetic differences between human races,
and indeed, the idea that 'race' has any useful biological meaning at all</span><span style="background: white; color: #252525; font-size: 10.5pt;">".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #252525;">SNPs<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background: white; color: #252525;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I want to spend most the rest of this
update considering the current and possible future significance of SNP testing.
A SNP, or single nucleotide polymorphism, is a DNA ‘event’ which functions a
bit like a marker in time. At the moment, I am here talking about SNPs which
occur in the male line (and are often relatable to surnames). As far as is
known, once an SNP occurs it does not re-mutate backwards. Because of this
fact, if we can identify specific SNPs, as a first step, and if we can then date
them, even approximately, we find ourselves on the way to constructing family
trees, not just in prehistory but, potentially, for SNP events which took place
within historic time. More than a decade ago Ken Nordtvedt and Dr John McEwan worked
on ways of grouping STR results [that is, results from the standard male Y
chromosome test] to show how some numerical patterns were constant within
defined groups. This was limited at the time by the fact that only 37 markers
were available in STR tests (whereas now one can test 67, 111 or even more). McEwan
identified 49 groupings, and the one he called R1bSTR-47 came to be known as
‘Scots’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was the DNA profile based
on 37 markers that was identified as ‘Scots’ (Fig. 2):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ef1P8JHdtfw/WGWc4oWi1ZI/AAAAAAAAAb0/EmjP5AQwP3wpeEJWjcLd0QVwPftPNHUcQCLcB/s1600/Scots%2BModal.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="42" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ef1P8JHdtfw/WGWc4oWi1ZI/AAAAAAAAAb0/EmjP5AQwP3wpeEJWjcLd0QVwPftPNHUcQCLcB/s320/Scots%2BModal.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fig 2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ‘Scots Modal’ and
‘MacGregor Modal’ compared<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
The lower figure was the modal
figure for the MacGregor group who claimed descent from Ian Cam (who is in the
record of obituaries written down by Sir James MacGregor Dean of Lismore as
having died in 1390). What was exciting at the time was the realisation that
with only three mutations different, the MacGregors seemed to be a group who
had mutated a little way, but not far, from the Scots group. Since then some
commentators and researchers, particularly Alistair Moffat and Jim Wilson in
their book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Scots: A Genetic Journey</i>
have suggested that the MacGregors were actually Picts. Without wanting to go
into the arguments for or against this interpretation in any depth I did want
to ask: if these were the Picts then who are the Scots [this is an inversion of
the way the question used to be asked]? If you look at the various DNA discussion
boards you will see that many people disagree with their interpretation. It is
nonetheless important to repeat it here because the definition of Pict was
based, by Jim Wilson, on his interpretation of the SNP S530 which he found and
named when he was attached to ScotlandsDNA [the company now has various
versions of the same name such as IrelandsDNA, BritainsDNA and so on].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Following on from this, S530 was found to
be equivalent to L1335 [the confirmation came in 2012] and the search was on to
find what SNPs were more recent in time than L1335/S530.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Four years ago not enough was known about SNPs
to attempt a time estimate as to when they occurred, but since then the group known
as YFull have given broad estimates, from their research, of possible dates for
each SNP. At this point I am concentrating on just the MacGregor male line but
later in this blog I will make reference to another line to demonstrate how SNP
testing is currently revolutionising our understanding of genetic/clan
genealogy going back into the past beyond the time of written genealogies. What
we still lack are more SNPs coming forward into the time of written records
although there are some SNPs which are beginning to divide up families into
smaller subgroups with the same surname, particularly when associated with STR
results.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At this point I repeat a chart which I
first included in the 2015 blog. The chart was derived by Jim Wilson from work
which he did in relation to clan DNA origins through the ScotlandsDNA company
(Fig. 3).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<o:p><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5drw-GTzPuk/WGWTkJLV_FI/AAAAAAAAAag/TmlJV3pwbKI7HfDbxREIFtJ1T6upLt5HwCK4B/s1600/Fig%2B8%2BS530%2BPICTURE.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5drw-GTzPuk/WGWTkJLV_FI/AAAAAAAAAag/TmlJV3pwbKI7HfDbxREIFtJ1T6upLt5HwCK4B/s320/Fig%2B8%2BS530%2BPICTURE.png" width="320" /></a></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fig. 3: The SNP tree of the Scottish clans as at 2014<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
This helpful map from Wikipedia shows how the clans relate to each other geographically (Fig. 4):</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Wtr5EA3JOx8/WGWTzY0EXtI/AAAAAAAAAak/fFr4OTCiC1QIasyHWLRjSCG19niPUWtzgCLcB/s1600/Scottish_clan_map%2BWikipedia%2BCommons.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Wtr5EA3JOx8/WGWTzY0EXtI/AAAAAAAAAak/fFr4OTCiC1QIasyHWLRjSCG19niPUWtzgCLcB/s320/Scottish_clan_map%2BWikipedia%2BCommons.png" width="243" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Fig 4. Scottish_clan_map Wikipedia Commons.png</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Taking each of the SNPs from
S530/L1335 onwards, YFull have given the following time estimates:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">L1335
(also known as [aka]S530) formed 4300ybp (years before present), and time to
most recent common ancestor 3600ybp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">L1065
(aka CTS11722 or S749) formed 3600ybp, time to most recent common ancestor
1750ybp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">S744
formed 1750ybp, time to most recent common ancestor 1750ybp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">S691
formed 1750ybp, time to most recent common ancestor 1700ybp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">S695
formed 1700ybp, time to most recent common ancestor 1550ybp [or, c.320 AD to c.
470 AD]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
It not clear from the above how
YFull distinguish the time frames of the later SNPs as they seem to be suggesting
that they all arise around the same time, although, other commentators on DNA
have speculated that there are approximately 90 years on average between SNP
DNA mutations – but – <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>that assumes a
degree of regularity in the occurrence of mutations, which we know is not the
case. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If we work in reverse from S690 [see Fig. 3 above] which is the defining mutation of the MacGregor bloodline, and which, we
think, could have arisen as late as 1360 AD and perhaps as early as 1200 AD, then,
using the standard SNP sequence going backwards in time, S695 might have occurred
as late as 1270 AD and as early as 1110 AD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then S691 above S695 as late as 1180 AD or as early as 1020 AD. Ian Cam
MacGregor descendants will notice that there is no mention of S697 here. We
simply don’t know enough about this SNP or FGC17830 which seem to be typical of
the MacGregor main line to say anything definite about them at this point. Indeed,
we know little about <span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">S701,
FGC17831, S703, FGC17832, S27834, BY144, FGC17829, S27835, and BY143 which are currently
found as positive ONLY in the SNP results of MacGregor bloodline and in two
Buchanan men. (By the way, it is very interesting that almost all other
Buchanan men descend from the next level up on the ancestral tree as shown by
the results collected and displayed on the excellent site run by Alex
Williamson). The section for descendants of SNP L1335 can be found on
Williamson’s site at:</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.ytree.net/DisplayTree.php?blockID=9"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">http://www.ytree.net/DisplayTree.php?blockID=9</span></a><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lN55SlUY-yE/WGWUy0K4kRI/AAAAAAAAAaw/0b5ippyKd_Ua2jciaIDRQqdHaTJgbUOSwCLcB/s1600/Williamson%2Btree.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="118" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lN55SlUY-yE/WGWUy0K4kRI/AAAAAAAAAaw/0b5ippyKd_Ua2jciaIDRQqdHaTJgbUOSwCLcB/s320/Williamson%2Btree.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fig 5.
MacGregor/Buchanan section of Alex Williamson’s The Big Tree<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">If YFull are right in their estimates then it is
quite possible that these SNPs [from S701 onwards] fill the gap between c. 500 AD
and c. 1300 AD, implying that MacGregors remained a homogenous group from 500 AD
onwards BUT this seems highly unlikely, to say the least. Looking at
Williamson’s trees it is quite clear that there are many SNPs about which we
need more information. Williamson shows the following as the sequence of SNPs
from L1335 (and this same sequence is shown as part of the Scots Modal Panel
which can be ordered from YSEQ):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="display: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Top of Form<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: 10.5pt;">L1335/S530 > L1065 > Z16325 > S744 > <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">S691 > S695 > S701
> S690</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dzGZORjWLRQ/WGWV69G50zI/AAAAAAAAAa8/CBMaLe3oY9IJ9wV_KJIKK1YJIu1-_-QAgCLcB/s1600/YSEQ%2BS691.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dzGZORjWLRQ/WGWV69G50zI/AAAAAAAAAa8/CBMaLe3oY9IJ9wV_KJIKK1YJIu1-_-QAgCLcB/s320/YSEQ%2BS691.jpeg" width="289" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fig 6: Section of
the S691 descendant SNPs from YSEQ<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This image, which is taken from the YSEQ website shows
just how complex the clans family tree is becoming, and changing as we learn
more and more about SNPs. It is clear that the relationships which exist
between Scottish clan groups will eventually be refined in such a way that the
traditional stories of clan origins will either be confirmed or refuted. So,
even though now we cannot say with absolute confidence what the exact sequence
of SNPs leading from L1335 to S690 is and cannot assign secure dates for their
first appearance it will only be a matter of time before the confidence levels
on all this become much clearer. It is remarkable how much has been achieved in
just four years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For
comparison, I attach another small section from Alex Williamson’s Big Tree – in
this case for the McLeans (Fig. 7). We can see in this that the family groups
are beginning to divide up based on individual SNPs separating family groups. The
McLeans, like the MacGregors, have a small number of individuals who are quite
separate from the mainline, in having the SNP M222 which often has Irish
connections, or other SNPs which seem to indicate adoption of the name by
different families during the time of change from patronymics to surnames.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9aH8PuG5y0Q/WGWWXgbPyUI/AAAAAAAAAbE/20vFNLHGJiYXKxyuq-Gr00L-5rBoK-OZwCLcB/s1600/McLean.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="231" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9aH8PuG5y0Q/WGWWXgbPyUI/AAAAAAAAAbE/20vFNLHGJiYXKxyuq-Gr00L-5rBoK-OZwCLcB/s320/McLean.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fig 7: McLean
section from Williamson The Big Tree<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">What are patronymics?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The use
of patronymics versus surnames is not always well understood, so a brief
discussion here might be helpful. Years before surnames became common in
Scotland an individual might be referred to by his geographical location – so
in Clan Gregor we have John of Glenorchy who flourished in the 13<sup>th</sup>
century. It has always been believed that this John was one of the first
MacGregors, but without a surname we have no real way of knowing if he was
indeed a MacGregor – there’s always the possibility that he was an early Campbell.
After the middle of the 14<sup>th</sup> century, and in Britain following the
devastation wreaked by the Black Death, not only did individuals move around
rather more than before but individuals were less tied by servitude to
landowners<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. In Scotland individuals who
managed to acquire some land-holding capability began to use surnames to
identify family groupings, whereas, the common people around them would continue
to be identified by their family relationships</b> in the formula ‘the son of
and grandson of’ (or ‘daughter of’ in the case of females) another male forename.
Thus, whereas the most important MacGregor might be known as Patrick MacGregor
of Glenstrae, the under tenants, who might, or might not, be distantly related
to him, would be known as, for example, Patrick McEwan VicConachie [son of
Ewan, grandson of Duncan]. As <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">late as
the middle of the 18<sup>th</sup> century</b> the rental documents of the
Menzies estates were still referring to males by their patronymics, but, by the
end of the century all tenants had acquired and been identified by fixed
surnames. These families might indeed be genetically MacGregors but they might
equally be genetically Menzies or Drummond, or they might never have been
genetically linked to one of the main families in that area at all. It is
because of this variety of means by which names were acquired that clans
include individuals who have a variety of genetic origins.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">DNA testing
companies and their products.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Y chromosome tests:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It can
be very difficult for people new to DNA testing to work out what the best test
is for them. The answer depends on what question a person wants answered. If a
male wants to know about his surname and its origins, then the Y chromosome
test is in practice the only option. Very little is gained however by simply
doing 12 or 25 markers because comparisons with other people with the same
surname are only effective when comparing 37 or more markers. Many of the
programs which help to make comparisons with another individual’s marker scores
work best with 67 or 111 markers, and some do not work with less than 67
markers. The advantage to participants of an FtDNA (Family Tree DNA) Y
chromosome project is that the company has the largest publicly available
database of Y chromosome results for comparison. Surname projects allow direct
comparisons with others, but it is possible to keep results private and not
visible to the general public, although there is no way to identify an
individual testee based on kit number alone. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of
the results of Y chromosome testing is that an initial assignment of the
results to a haplogroup is made. For the majority of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Western Europeans</b> this will be R1b-M269 while most others will be I-M253
[originally I1], or I-M223 [originally I2] (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">both associated with Scandinavia, and originally from the Balkans</b>),
and R-M512 (or R1a), whose <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">origins lie
in the Steppes</b>. What the numbers indicate is an SNP that defines a specific
group (for example, R1b-M269 is Western Atlantic origin). Some companies,
however, such as 23andme, still classify individuals by alphabetic lettering.
Thus, in my own case 23andme labels my paternal line as R1b1b2a1a2f* ‘a
subgroup of R1b1b2’ which is a ‘subgroup of R1b1’. R1b1b2 then described in the
accompanying explanation as:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "avenir next"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Age:</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "avenir next"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> 17,000
years<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "avenir next"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Region:</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "avenir next"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Europe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "avenir next"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Example
Populations:</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "avenir next"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> Irish, Basques, British, French<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "avenir next"; font-size: 10.5pt;">Highlight:</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "avenir next"; font-size: 10.5pt;"> R1b1b2
is the most common haplogroup in western Europe, with distinct branches in
specific regions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Hopefully the earlier part of this blog has shown
why this doesn’t say much about recent genetic connections.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "avenir next"; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">For I1 [I-M253], for example, the 23andme include
generalised results for some famous individuals, including Leo Tolstoy and
Warren Buffett. It’s unfortunate that some newspapers then choose to interpret
such results as ‘meaning’ that a named person is ‘related’ to Warren Buffett
(yes they are, but probably cousins at 10,000-20,000 years distance), or, even
worse, that a named person is a ‘descendant’ of the historical figure (and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">that</b> is extremely unlikely unless it
happens to be Genghis Khan!!). In this way completely false stories about DNA
relationships spread.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
origins and spread of these haplogroups are shown on the attached map found in
several forms on the internet:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ATLNx2qHPQ4/WGWXAho2bTI/AAAAAAAAAbM/3QikotBKDMoiukLUxfNvgrRvRrSHGKdLACLcB/s1600/R1b%2Betc.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="227" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ATLNx2qHPQ4/WGWXAho2bTI/AAAAAAAAAbM/3QikotBKDMoiukLUxfNvgrRvRrSHGKdLACLcB/s320/R1b%2Betc.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fig 8: Origin and
Spread of haplogroups R1a, R1b and I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">What about Big Y or
Full Genome testing?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Big Y <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">FtDNA advertise their Big Y as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-right: .05in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Nearly <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">25,000 known SNPs</span>, placing you deep on
the haplotree.</span><span style="color: #0096ff; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-right: .05in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">10 Million base-pair coverage</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> - more than any other Y-DNA test on the
market.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-right: .05in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Find SNPs</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> that
may be completely unique to you.</span><span style="color: #0096ff; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-right: .05in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Explore your <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">deep paternal ancestry</span></span><span style="color: #0096ff; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-right: .05in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Help the community</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> uncover
new, undiscovered SNPs.</span><span style="color: #0096ff; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-right: .05in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Use your newly
discovered SNPs to help <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">grow the
haplotree”</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 10.5pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-right: .05in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-right: .05in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Whereas <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">FGC (Full Genome Corporation)</b> offer:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The “GenomeGuide, a whole genome test for ancestry
purposes, and Y Elite 2.1 a comprehensive test” of a person’s “Y chromosome. Y
Elite 2.1 determines those markers (i.e. SNPs and STRs) that are most useful”
for a person’s “paternal ancestry”<span style="background: whitesmoke;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Both these tests aim to locate SNPs on a male Y chromosome and may
include SNPs classified as ‘private’, meaning that at this point in time they
have only been found in a single or very limited number of individuals, and
their exact significance to the more general tree or to an individual’s
personal family tree has yet to be confirmed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will be clear from the
above product descriptions that FGC’s offer is more comprehensive (and they
have other versions which probe the Y chromosome even more thoroughly, but cost
considerably more). The essential problem lies in identifying which test, if
any, gives the most useful information. Some project administrators make
suggestions as to which more comprehensive test to take, or, they highlight
specific SNPs that an individual might choose, but, these usually build on
previous testing rather than being aimed at people starting to look at SNP
testing for the first time. A good starting point is to observe what SNPs
others in a group have already tested (FtDNA show these as ‘confirmed SNPs’ in
green). Individuals who don’t know here to start with SNP testing do need to
look for help from a project administrator regarding which SNP(s) to choose. If
we take M269 (for group R1b) for example, in many projects in FtDNA this will
show in red, meaning the SNP is predicted but unconfirmed. Normally the
prediction is correct. If starting from this point probably the best thing to
do, short of going straight to one of the two big tests mentioned above, is to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">have SNP L21 tested for positive or
negative</b>. If a person is L21 positive and doesn’t want to go down the line
of Big Y or FGC testing then the next step, having looked at any confirmed
green entries for SNPs in the sheets of excel data for people lying nearby in
the grid, is to go for an L21 SNP Panel either with FtDNA or with YSEQ.com (but
using the latter will require a new registration and a new sample, although
their pricing is competitive). If SNP testing is done with FtDNA, their results
program will usually suggest what the next SNP tests might be. At a certain
point in testing it is definitely worth (if only financially) trying an
appropriate <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">SNP Panel</b>. For instance,
results in the STR Y chromosome tables for a surname project which lean towards
L1335 suggest that that would be a good STR Panel to test. Both FtDNA and YSEQ
offer L1335 panels as well as individual SNPs (but doing one SNP at a time can
get expensive).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just to re-emphasise: the
advantage of the more comprehensive tests is that ‘private’ SNPs <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">are</b> often identified. Sometimes these
are unique to an individual but sometimes they will be found in several
individuals and therefore they may well define a discrete family group from
within the historic period. However, in order to identify these as belonging to
more than one person, other people who seem to be closely related (when looking
at the other DNA male line results) need to test for the same ‘private’ SNPs.
Many surname groups are working to try to identify these ’private’ SNPs for
family groups both to advance genealogical links but also to save participants
some money!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Health related
issues<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Most DNA testing companies do not give reports
which include information about health risks. Exceptionally, 23andme have
offered health related reports in the past but after difficulties in America
with the FDA they suspended these reports, but later reinstated some for the
non-American market. These tests do not have a genealogical component and
therefore will not be discussed further.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ethnic mix<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As mentioned earlier, FamilytreeDNA, through its <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">MyOrigins</i> report, ScotlandsDNA through <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ancestry Painting</i>, Ancestry.com through
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">AncestryDNA</i> test, and 23andme
through <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ancestry Composition</i>, all,
with some variations in reporting procedures, aim to give an individual a
‘picture’ of his or her ancestral connections with populations around the
world. Results naturally vary considerably from almost 100% European to real
mixtures of different ancestral backgrounds including American Indian, Far
Eastern, African and so on. Ancestry for example says that their DNA test ‘</span><span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">looks at a person's entire genome at
over 700,000 locations’ and covers ‘26 ethnic regions’<span style="background: #F0EEE9;">. </span>Ancestry.com claim to have<span style="background: #F0EEE9;"> </span>‘more
than 2 million people’ in their database and ‘the unique ability to connect
with Ancestry’s billions of historical records and millions of family trees’. For
further information on these tests and how they report see my 2015 blog on this
site.<span style="background: #E6E4E1;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Discovering <span style="background: #E6E4E1;">‘</span>distant relatives’<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The reference to Ancestry.com in the above
paragraph was deliberate. On the one hand the ability to contact other members
part of whose DNA is the same as one’s own is clearly attractive. This is
exactly what I was referring to in the opening paragraphs of this blog. The
difficulty is that Ancestry does not remind you to check that the information
you receive from others is actually accurate. Many a false genealogical
connection has been made through eagerness to get back as far as possible. What
many people do not realise is that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the
written records on which genealogies are constructed can be missing for some
areas of the world</b>. Even in Scotland the records for the counties in the
very north are missing for many localities before 1800 and almost universally
before 1750. Wars and carelessness, as well as the wide dispersal of the
populations in remote locations meant that children might well not ever be
baptised, or if they were, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">it was done
whenever the minister happened to be in the locality. However, it was the
parish clerk’s job to keep the records, not the minister’s, and the parish
clerk might be tending his cattle 20 or more miles away.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The same cautionary statement holds true of
FtDNA’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Family Finder</i> in that what
appears in an imported GEDCOM file only represents the family researcher’s work
and, as with all internet genealogy, needs to be checked for accuracy. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qp4NEuSXFLY/WGWZNsK99dI/AAAAAAAAAbc/dVZcvwAwRk0KjD6B0Mfhz93YiGG7AwGZQCEw/s1600/Matches%2B2a%2Bedited.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qp4NEuSXFLY/WGWZNsK99dI/AAAAAAAAAbc/dVZcvwAwRk0KjD6B0Mfhz93YiGG7AwGZQCEw/s320/Matches%2B2a%2Bedited.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fig 9: Screen grab
from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Family Finder</i> proposed matches<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In this screen grab from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Family Finder</i>, for the sake of privacy and data protection, I have removed
the picture details of matches including the email of the individual whose
family includes an individual related to my own family. The match is Charlotta
Major but she is not an ancestor in my line, but her father Konrad born in 1797
is. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">This then is not an MtDNA link</b>
(and in any case the person who is my match has not tested this, nor, being
female, could she test the Y chromosome), it is an autosomal link with a male
line which is my mother’s great grandfather. I have, however, been unable to
identify any links with the other individuals listed as matches.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-right: .05in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Which company then?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #36322d; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As I said earlier the choice of company depends
entirely on what question or questions you want answered:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Q91sh-oH3U4/WGWa2oIzwWI/AAAAAAAAAbo/vrnE14JvJgQ0KdliFc5Vr0-x85GaYDbPgCLcB/s1600/Companies.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Q91sh-oH3U4/WGWa2oIzwWI/AAAAAAAAAbo/vrnE14JvJgQ0KdliFc5Vr0-x85GaYDbPgCLcB/s320/Companies.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; display: inline !important; text-align: center;">
<b style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;">Fig. 10: DNA testing company list</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="display: none; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 8.0pt;">Bottom of Form<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
I have not drawn out trees based
on STR Y chromosome results this year [that is, those that appear in a chart
for people in, for example, an R1b group as having a number sequence like 13,
24, 14, 10, 11,14 etc.] since these results are too diverse and complex when
making a comparison <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">between surname
groups</b> in the project which now has over 1200 participants, and sometimes
even too variable within a surname project name subgroup [as for example Greer,
Grier, Grierson in the MacGregor Project]. In short, there are now too many
people in the project to do comparison charts that would have any real meaning.
Also, the amount of detail would be far too great to permit any links to be
seen. Because of this I repeat here my usual offer in relation to those who
have tested their Y chromosome through STR tests. I<span style="background: white; color: black;">f you wish me
to run a comparison with other participants, then please state the group or
individuals with whom you wish to be compared and I will make a personalised graph
for you and help you interpret the results. Please note though that it is only
feasible to compare like with like (i.e. 67 markers with 67, 37 with 37). As
usual my email address is richardmcgregor1ATyahoo.co.uk (substitute @ for AT).
Please contact me offline also for advice on SNP test choices. Could members of
the Ian Cam MacGregor group [the bloodline group] please note that the terminal
SNP for the group is currently S690 and we do not yet have any ‘private’ SNPs
to recommend, other than S696 and S698 which seem to be carried only by the
Glencarnock line, and may have arisen in the last 250-300 years. Apart from the
two known carriers of these SNPs other members of the Ian Cam group who have
tested these SNPs have found them to be negative.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-8121475178971595402016-01-05T13:44:00.000+00:002017-07-07T23:19:57.663+01:00MacGregor DNA Project Update January 2016<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">MacGregor DNA project blog update January 2016<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Welcome to the annual blog
update of the MacGregor DNA project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Last year I gave an introduction to the various DNA tests and what they
could show. In the past year, while numbers in the project have continued to rise,
most people seem to be opting for either the Family Finder test, or for SNP
testing, in order to determine where on the human family tree they lie. For
this year’s update I have decided to focus in particular on two case studies
–<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>one of which has been supplied by Prof. Neil
McGregor in Australia. I’ll get to these in a moment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">When I wrote about Family
Finder last year I didn’t really emphasise the importance of uploading a
personal family tree into a personal DNA webpage. If you are familiar with
.GEDCOM files this will need no introduction but for the benefit of those
unfamiliar with the file format I hope these brief comments will help.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">There are numerous
propriety software packages on the market for recording family tree information
and since, for once, the online community has agreed on a common format for
exporting files, it does not matter which is used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For PC a commonly used program is ‘Family
Tree Maker’ and for MAC ‘Reunion’ is often found (though Family Tree Maker for
MAC also exists). In the main, all programs do the same thing so it really comes
down to personal preference in the way data is entered and displayed as to
which one to choose. The two I have mentioned are simply those that I use
myself and should not be viewed as a recommendation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The important thing about a
GEDCOM file when used with Family Finder is that it creates a list of surnames
which can easily be searched to see if any surname is the same in two, or more,
‘genetic cousins’.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Also new for this year’s
update is the mitochondrial grouping for those who have done this test in the
MacGregor project. It is very unlikely that exact matches will be revealed by
this grouping (unlike male Y chromosome DNA) because MtDNA does not go with
surname and it is quite unlikely that two people in what is essentially a male
surname-based project<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>would happen to
have the same mother’s mother’s mother etc, although if a close match on the
full genome sequence for MtDNA were found, it might suggest a common emigrant
ancestor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The grouping of MtDNA
results can be found at: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/public/MacGregor?iframe=mtresults"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">https://www.familytreedna.com/public/MacGregor?iframe=mtresults</span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">As for previous updates I
am conscious that it isn’t possible to cover all participants in the project in
detail, especially now that there are over 1100 folk taking part. I am happy to
make up some comparative charts for project members, much as will be presented
below in relation to the Stirling connection. I only request that if you wish
me to run a chart that you say the kit numbers or group with which you wish to
be compared. I can only run these comparisons for the Y chromosome test – and
it does not give useful results if less that 37 markers are compared: in other
words, the number of individuals who match within one or two mutations on 12 or
25 markers is so great as to make comparisons meaningless.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The other limitation to
note on these generated charts is this: a computer program will only do
comparisons on statistical or numerical result similarities, and since DNA
mutates randomly close family connections (that is, over the last 500 years)
can get obscured by random mutations – some families’ DNA mutates faster than
others. Various factors have been cited for increased mutation, such as age of
father, place in the sequence of births for a couple, environment, diet, and
radiation. The value of such comparisons therefore lies in the clues that it
affords to possible connections: when paper genealogy fails then such clues can
be very important!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Case Studies 1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The Stirling MacGregors<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">I was asked to compare the
111 marker results for kit number 13201 – representing the branch of the main
MacGregor line who adopted the alias Stirling sometime during the 17<sup>th</sup>
century. The story goes that a MacGregor (some say of the Glenstrae family, and
some say his forename was Robert, or William or Duncan) was employed in the
house of the Stirlings of Keir near Dunblane when the soldiers came looking for
the MacGregor. They were met by the lady of the house who declared “there is
no-one named MacGregor here” and from that time the MacGregor and his family
used the surname Stirling.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">While </span><span style="color: #18376a; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">the
family tradition is that the Stirlings originated in Glenstrae the evidence
shows the first use of the Stirling alias</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <span lang="EN-GB">is
a “Willeam McGregour VcCoueill callit to ane toname (alias) Stirling” in the
1611a list [prepared for the Laird of Luss]. This person seems to be the
William spoken of in the tradition above regarding the establishment of the
Stirling alias. This makes him a William McGregor son of Donald.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The 1611a list (#81) lists him as being of
the House of Gregor McAne and hence of the Brackley family. Searching the data
would place him in the following tree.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">Gregour McAne (b~1520 alive 1595).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|- Eion Dubh (b~1550 executed 1612).
#43 in 1611a list (In Glenurchy)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|- Patrick (b~1570)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|- Alasdair cass (b~1571 executed 1613) #44
in 1611a list (Eion’s son)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|- ? #48 in 1611a list (Eion’s son)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘- Donmall (b~1572) (#45 in 1611a list
(Eion’s son).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘- William (b~1590) #81 in 1611 list.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘- Niall (5 sons)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-themecolor: text1;">This family came from the lands in Glenurchy and may have claimed “FROM
GLENSTRAE” as distinct from “OF GLENSTRAE”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[previous 15 Line comment received from Neil
McGregor after seeing a draft of the blog].</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red; font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">In order to see whether
there were some possible connections with other participants who had also done
the 111 Y chromosome marker test I abstracted all the 111 results in the
MacGregor Ian Cam subgroup [supposed founder of the clan who died 1390 in
Glenorchy/ Glenstrae].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What was known to
this point was that every individual who had the surname Stirling and had the
genetic profile of a MacGregor had a specific mutation from 17 to 16 at marker
32 – a mutation not borne by any other members of the Ian Cam group. This
suggested that this specific mutation had occurred by at least 1700. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Running the marker results
through the comparison tool created by Dean McGee (this can be found at </span><a href="http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility111.html)"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility111.html)</span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> gives a
possible “Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor’ result for comparing any two
individuals with each other. This is only a rough guide to relative distance
between two results and since we expect that the time back to the originator of
the clan is probably 600-650 years clearly any figures which exceed this number
of years in the grid would be too far back if we accept decent from Ian Cam [or
supposed father Gregor]. However, the program is assessing relative distance
between individuals on the basis of numbers of mutations, and in that context
it gives a helpful indication of possible closeness of different branches of
the family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">In the chart the kit number for Stirling is 13621 (click image to
expand).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<!--StartFragment-->
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt;">Figure 1: TMRCA for members of the Ian Cam
MacGregor group</span><!--EndFragment-->
</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zhE6SuJIOcY/VouwlpIH62I/AAAAAAAAAYs/uUdMswBrYmw/s1600/TMRCA%2BStirling.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zhE6SuJIOcY/VouwlpIH62I/AAAAAAAAAYs/uUdMswBrYmw/s320/TMRCA%2BStirling.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">So, according to this grid,
the possible time distance between 13621 and, for example, 2124 – the line of
the clan chief – is found by reading along the grid line of 13621 horizontally
until it meets the line coming down vertically from 2124. This gives an
estimate of 460 years and a split point of c1500 AD. There has been a
suggestion that the Stirlings are were originally Glenstrae MacGregors – this
estimate would not rule out that being possible. Less likely would be any
connections closer than 260 years because we know that there has been a Y
chromosome mutation in the Stirling family that must have taken place<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>before c1700. Also less likely are those time
distances which exceed 900 years <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>separating them from other participants – simply
because surnames as such did not exist prior to about 1300 AD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This suggests that SNP testing (on individual
results which show a larger time interval from other results) would be worth
pursuing to see whether or not the individual concerned has the MacGregor SNPs
S690 or S697. As more SNP results appear it may be that we will have to
reconsider the formation of clan name groups as predating the adoption of an
identifying surname. That will be a while coming however. [If you wish to see
current results google Alex Williamson’s Big Y tree]. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">It is important to note
that not all the individuals in the above grid are called MacGregor. When the
Ian Cam group was created individuals were added to the group on the basis of
what their STR numerical results suggested (that is, they looked like
MacGregor). In the above grid it is therefore significant that those which show
the furthest time distance are 381858 Murray, 292892 and 350316 Stewart, 121048
McPherson, 120820, 189492 and 258767 McFarland and 237186 Hunt. Only two of the
‘further out’ results are MacGregor which suggests that even if the Y
chromosome<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>STR results look similar, SNP
testing will be necessary to find out if individuals belong to the main surname
group or whether they split off earlier. So far the McFarlands have tested S690-
but 292892 Stewart is S690+.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">If we look at the chart which the above table generates we see that
there are some interesting family groupings suggested:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Fig 2: 111 marker Ian Cam group chart<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fhUf74RX1tQ/VouxKAluV6I/AAAAAAAAAY0/Aafgs06CBt0/s1600/MacGregor%2BStirling%2Bchart%2B2.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="209" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fhUf74RX1tQ/VouxKAluV6I/AAAAAAAAAY0/Aafgs06CBt0/s320/MacGregor%2BStirling%2Bchart%2B2.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">In particular, on the right
hand side of the chart we see that many of the kit numbers mentioned in the
last paragraph are all grouped together in very close proximity which seems to
imply some closer genealogical connection. It would be interesting to know what
the terminal SNP for each of these individuals is.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Most of the other branches
appear to represent separate families though as I mentioned earlier it’s hard
to say anything absolutely since DNA can mutate randomly even within the same
branches of a family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the chart above
it seems like Stirling kit 13621 is more closely related to McGrigor kit 256584.
If this truly is a family connection then it must be before 1700 because kit
256584 does not carry the distinctive Stirling mutation at position 32.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">It is useful to compare the
locations of the Stirling results in the 111 analysis in Fig 2 above with those
members mentioned in the following case study which makes a similar claim to
Glenstrae origin but using DNA and documentation to make the case. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Case Studies<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">A surviving MacGregor of Glenstrae family?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">The second case study is
extracted from a longer version which will be published in the Clan Gregor
Society Spring 2016 Newsletter, and will subsequently be available to download
from this blog. The material has been put together and analysed by Neil
McGregor in Australia using 111 marker results from Family
Tree DNA, Big Y results from Family Tree DNA, and MacGregor results from
ScotlandsDNA. [the following text is an abbreviated version of their article].<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Analysis of the y-DNA is associated with the known
descendants of John McGregor (<i>John of Monzie</i>) who married Ann Stobie on
14 June 1826 in Monzie Parish, Perthshire, Scotland. As the y-DNA only traces
the male line we obtained data from three male lines descended from <i>John of
Monzie</i>. These sons were <i>Charles John</i> (b 1836 at Glassworks, Alloa), <i>John</i>
(b 1838 at Balmain, NSW) and <i>James</i> (b 1840 at Braidwood, NSW) (See
figure 1 and tables 1-2 for the lines of the DNA samples and the results of the
analysis). The data in tables 1 and 2 show that the family descend from the
Clan Gregor hierarchical family and that the DNA from current descendants of
John’s line (NRM & AAM) differs from the current descendant of Charles
(GCM) line by 2 mutations (one in each from the common ancestor) and James’s
line differs by three mutations from the other two. Both John and Charles lines
differ from the Clan line by five mutations (389a and 389b appear to be a
single mutation not two) and James by six mutations. The Y-DNA pattern of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">John of Monzie</i> (b1790), the common ancestor,
can be predicted and would have differed from the Clan line by four mutations -
his Y-DNA data is given in Table 1. The actual dates from the birth of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">John of Monzie</i> to all the tested
subjects is between 150 and 175 years, being 4-5 generations. The calculations
are based upon the McDonald mutations rates and using average generation time
of 30 years results in a reasonably accurate prediction. James’s data indicates
that the family may have a higher mutation rate than is normal but recent
research has indicated this may simply be the result of <u>where</u> the
mutations occur on the Y-DNA and <u>not</u> an actual increase in mutation
rate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Lines of the Y-DNA samples from John McGrigor (Monzie b
1790).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 10.0pt;">John McGrigor (Monzie born 1790)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|-
Charles John (1836) (Alloa Scotland) 3<sup>rd</sup> generation Graeme Chisholm
MacGregor <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|-
William (No samples acquired from this line)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|-
John (1838 - Balmain NSW) 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> generations Neil
Roland and Alexander Andrew James<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘- James (1840) (Braidwood NSW) 4<sup>th</sup>
generation<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>James Hardy</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">From these data we can estimate the time to the Clan
common ancestor (Table 2) to be ~1350 using the McDonald mutation rate for the
normal population. This figure is different if we calculate the mutation rates
based upon the higher mutation rate seen within this family’s actual data, the
date to common ancestor being between 1380 and 1618 with a median of 1480.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "cambria";">Table 1. Summary of the Y-DNA 67 marker test for the Clan
and the two subjects and that of John (1790).</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Table 2. Time to common ancestor (Years) for John 1790
and his three descendants.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hcKkr7XsDJM/VouzQkp56uI/AAAAAAAAAZI/lmMUqeI4fOQ/s1600/Neil%2B2.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="60" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hcKkr7XsDJM/VouzQkp56uI/AAAAAAAAAZI/lmMUqeI4fOQ/s320/Neil%2B2.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Using the Y chromosome mutation rates proposed by Doug
McDonald the separation from the Clan modal occurred ~1380, however, as
mentioned above, using the individual mutation rates determined for this
family’s actual data gives later values. The mutations rates of NRM and GCM
give the separation date as ~1480 and for GH ~1618. This date related to GH is
far too short to the present and the mutation rate therefore too high to be
meaningful over all the generations so only the data based upon NRM and GCM
will be used. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Examination of the Clan documented history only places
three Clan Gregor family lines in the Monzie/Crieff parishes in the 1600s and
they are: Glenstrae, Glenlednock, Roro and a group who used the alias McAra,
whom the documents show are actually of the Roro line. These Clan Gregor
families have their common ancestors at various dates: Glenlednock have been
proposed to have separated from the Glenstrae line in ~1400 and the Roro line
prior to that date. However these dates are only speculative. Thus, the DNA
evidence supports the possibility that the Bega family [family of NRM who first
settled in Bega, Australia] could be derived from any of these three families.
We have approximately 18-20 generations between the above tested individuals
and Gregor [name father of the clan] born ~1300, which equates to 1 mutation
every 3 to 4 generations. Whilst this mutation rate is higher than normal, it
actually is found in the Familytreedna.<s><o:p></o:p></s></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Firstly,
it is noted that the </span><span class="SubtitleChar"><span lang="EN-AU" style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Bega</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> [NRM] family has a unique mutation in the Clan dataset
at DYS 389a and DYS389b of 14/31. No other tested subjects have this marker so
we cannot be matched using that data. It is likely that this mutation occurred
after 1500 and before 1790 and therefore would only be seen in recently related
individuals. Analysis of the Clan Gregor Y-DNA database shows several distinct
clusters with few mutations and several high mutation clusters. Analysis of
these latter groups shows potential correlation between the mutations and
certain geographic locations. Two of these appear to be sequential, and they
are mutations at DYS576 at 16 and 17 when compared with the general Clan data
at 18. Those at 16 are the Stirlings who lived in Dunblane and those at 17 from
people who claim to be from the Glengyle family. Both these groups could have
descended from the Glengyle although other data suggest that the Stirlings are
from the house of Gregor McAne of Brackley and have lived in Glenurchy on the
Glenstrae lands. It is <u>very unlikely</u> that the Bega [NRM] family are
descended from the families of Roro, Glengyle, Brackley / Ladasach, or McRob.
This strongly suggests that the Bega family are descendants of the one
remaining family: the Glenstrae line.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Assessment
of other genetic matches</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The Bega [NRM]family has a mutation of 9 at 459b. This is
shared by 5 other participants in the Clan Gregor database. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Table 3 Analysis of subjects within Clan Gregor who have
9 at 459b</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IkhC1XzPYD8/Vou0CxD-VeI/AAAAAAAAAZQ/Dm3ZcXXw0Lc/s1600/Neil%2B3.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IkhC1XzPYD8/Vou0CxD-VeI/AAAAAAAAAZQ/Dm3ZcXXw0Lc/s320/Neil%2B3.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">This seems to be an early mutation in one branch of
the family. These kit numbers were assessed using comparative Y-DNA analysis,
and table 3 shows the mutations within the group. Table 4 shows the dates to
common ancestor for the group and this suggests that the closest common
ancestor was with kit number 191228. The date of common ancestor being ~390
years ago or ~1560 using the same mutation rates as for Neil [NRM] and his
cousin Graham in the analysis. The oldest known ancestor for kit 191228 was
Alexander McGrigor born in 1790, living in Lanarkshire</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Table 4. Time to common ancestor for the members of the analysis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Vi0DvS-m6kc/Vou0VWFNdKI/AAAAAAAAAZY/kB5axIADF2g/s1600/Neil%2B4.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="187" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Vi0DvS-m6kc/Vou0VWFNdKI/AAAAAAAAAZY/kB5axIADF2g/s320/Neil%2B4.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kit 94903 has their oldest known ancestor in Lanarkshire
in 1790. Kit 119330 has their oldest known ancestor in Buchanan in
Stirlingshire, and 121048 has their oldest known ancestor as one James
McPherson from Abernethy/Kincardine and that they lived on the lands of the
Grants. Kit 120679 did not report a location or ancestor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
important factor about these different family locations is that they are very
widespread across the Highlands and part of the lowlands. Whilst the dates and
locations <u>may</u> be related to movement during the “clearances” or post
Jacobite wars (1745/46), as appears to be the case with kit 191228, the others
cannot be attributed to these events. This suggests that the 9-9 mutation group
have an early mutation from a family that is now well scattered – most likely
due to the early habitation of the occupation sites, movements during the proscription
or some other upheaval. If the mutations occurred early in the family then the
low numbers in the database could suggest that many of the 9-9 kindred may have
been killed during the proscription hence their low numbers within the Clan
database. The known aliases used by some within the 9-9 kindred are <i>Graham</i>
for kit 191228, <i>McPherson</i> for kit 121048 and <i>Murray</i> which was
used by the Bega (NRM kit 16198) family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">McGrigor
in Lanarkshire.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">McGregor (Kit 191228) respectively is the closest non
immediate related DNA sample to the (McGregor Bega Kits) [NRM] and also to
McPherson (Kit 121048) suggesting that all three have a high probability of
being from the same family and from the discussion above, therefore most likely
Glenstrae. Importantly the DNA data suggests that the common ancestor is likely
to be Alaster Ruadh MacGregor. (The DNA suggests ‘time to common ancestor’ is
390 - 450 years respectively for all 3 Kits). This suggests that the
individuals are likely to have arisen from different sons of that Chief
(Alaster Ruadh 1524-1547).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">[detail omitted which will be in the full report when published]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Of all the possibilities, when considering the actual
family history, traditions and marriage connections, etc., the data at hand
suggests Kit 191228 is most likely a descendant of Ewin the Tutor and probably
from Kilmannan himself through the son Hugh. A more detailed report on this
will be submitted later, in conjunction with the history of Kilmannan and Rob
Roy that to date seems not yet to have been posted. In support of this
contention Kit 191228 has 4 separate Autosomal DNA matches with known
descendants of Kilmannan’s via his female line.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">As Kit 191228 McGrigor and Kit 121048 McPherson both
match the Bega McGregor [NRM] kits, with the DNA data being supported by the
documentary evidence, the conclusion is that the Bega [NRM] McGregors are also
Alaster Gald - Glenstrae descendants. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Neil McGregor has summarized this and other data analysed
in a revision of the chart published in last year’s blog.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "cambria"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fig 3: Proposed Clan Gregor descendancy chart as at end
2015<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9TCcM_Y7z48/Vou6OileNgI/AAAAAAAAAZo/8Bzn5E05aAw/s1600/SNP%2BClans.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="312" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9TCcM_Y7z48/Vou6OileNgI/AAAAAAAAAZo/8Bzn5E05aAw/s320/SNP%2BClans.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Just to repeat the invitation to request comparisons with other
participants stated above: please state the group or individuals with whom you
wish to be compared and I will help you interpret the results. Please note that
it is only feasible to compare like with like (i.e. 67 markers with 67, 37 with
37). As usual my email address is richardmcgregor1ATyahoo.co.uk (substitute @
for AT).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "cambria"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;">Richard McGregor January 2016<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">In 2011, <a href="https://googleblog.blogspot.ie/2011/11/more-spring-cleaning-out-of-season.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #1155cc; text-decoration: none;">we announced</span></a> the retirement of Google Friend Connect for all
non-Blogger sites. We made an exception for Blogger to give readers an easy way
to follow blogs using a variety of accounts. Yet over time, we’ve seen that
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streamline, in the next few weeks we’ll be making some changes that will
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for people with Twitter, Yahoo, Orkut or other OpenId providers to sign in to
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use a non-Google Account to follow your blog, they need to sign up for a Google
Account, and re-follow your blog. With a Google Account, they’ll get blogs
added to their Reading List, making it easier for them to see the latest posts
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UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Level 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<!--StartFragment-->
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><br />
<span style="background: #F9F9F9;">We know how important followers are to all
bloggers, but we believe this change will improve the experience for both you
and your readers.</span><br />
<span style="background: #F9F9F9;"><br />
Posted by Michael Goddard, Software Engineer</span></span><!--EndFragment-->
</div>
MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-54184948388339776472015-01-04T12:39:00.001+00:002017-07-07T23:20:27.389+01:00<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">MacGregor DNA Project<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- update January 2015</b></h2>
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<br /></div>
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<o:p>Welcome to the MacGregor DNA Project update for 2014-5 </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This year's DNA update will move away from discussing Y
chromosome results as I have done in previous years to consider the other tests
currently available. This year there have been 49 new members of the project
whose names reflect the aliases adopted by members of the clan or sept<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>names (such as Magee, Gragg, Greer, or Black)
associated with the clan, and many of the results published this year were for
tests other than the male Y chromosome test (in fact, in total there were over
a thousand pieces of genetic<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>data
reported). Most males who join the project will first do the 37 marker Y
chromosome test. If they find that they match someone else with 35, 36, or 37
markers being the same, it can be useful for establishing familial connections to
increase the number of markers to compare, up to 67 or even 111 instead of just
37. However there are limitations to the use of STR (Short Tandem Repeat)
markers, as they are known, in that DNA mutates randomly. As a result some
testees find that their Y DNA is very similar to that of another male, but
neither person's DNA has mutated very much in 600 years, and as a result what
looks like a recent relationship with another person from the same family
branch is probably simply an indication of connection with the common ancestor
from whom that surname developed as many as 600 years ago. On the other hand, some
distinctive mutations - for example in the project all Stirling/MacGregors have
'16' at DYS576 whereas the norm for the group is '18'- probably indicate
descent from a more recent common ancestor.<o:p></o:p></div>
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When surnames
are grouped together by variant spelling (e.g. Greig, Gregg, Grieg, Grig etc)
it quickly becomes clear that there are multiple origins for these names. Some
of the results in these groups suggest a connection with the main MacGregor
group that predates the actual founder (Gregor) who, it is believed, flourished
c1360, rather indicating a strong genetic connection pre- surnames. What also
emerges, in some cases, is an indication of contradictory genealogy<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- individuals with very different genetic
profiles who are supposed to be from the same ancestor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such cases suggest that genealogies need
further checking for accuracy.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has
been noticeable this year that there has been an increase in interest in the
other DNA tests available as participants seek to learn more about their
genetic descent. In order to help with the interpretation of these, or simply
to help with choice, this blog update will concentrate on some of the more
common: Family Finder (also known as My Origins, Ancestry Painting, All my
Ancestry and so on, depending on the company used); MtDNA (mitochondrial DNA);
and SNP testing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will deal with each
in turn.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Family Finder/My
Origins/Ancestry Painting</b></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This test is designed to give participants an indication as
to the origin(s) of their genetic ancestry. Most geneticists believe that human
beings emerged out of Africa perhaps 70,000 to 100,000 years ago, but this test
looks for more recent connections than that. For those whose later ancestry is
British the test usually indicates a predominance of DNA from the British
Isles, with reasonably high proportions coming from Scandinavia and/or the
Mediterranean. These can usually be explained by links with Viking invaders in
the case of Scandinavia and with emigration from the Spanish ice age refuge, as
well as the possible influence of invasion by the Romans and their soldiers
after AD43.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The results of such tests are often expressed in
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<!--EndFragment--><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fig. 1: My Origins
geographical plot from FtDNA<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5_lDB3SNh1Y/VKkwxkL5SbI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Lq4V-zm42dM/s1600/Fig%2B1%2BMyorigins%2Bfor%2Bblog.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="156" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5_lDB3SNh1Y/VKkwxkL5SbI/AAAAAAAAAWw/Lq4V-zm42dM/s1600/Fig%2B1%2BMyorigins%2Bfor%2Bblog.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
All the companies which offer this test use the same
principle for presenting results, that is, to show the results as
percentages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here are the results for
the same individual from 23andme. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fig. 2: Genetic
ancestry percentage chart from 23and me<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Although the results show some variation (for example in
FamilyTreeDNA 3% Middle Eastern against 1.1% Ashkenazi in 23andme) they are
essentially the same. 23andme also show these results as Chromosome View
concentrating on the past 500 years - and this has been highly rated by users. Here
is the same information as Fig. 2 but in the chromosome view. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fig. 3 Chromosome
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9B7NVtcJZnU/VKkxfzlZvHI/AAAAAAAAAXA/6bxyN56hXTs/s1600/Fig%2B3%2BMy%2Bchromosome%2Bview.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="168" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9B7NVtcJZnU/VKkxfzlZvHI/AAAAAAAAAXA/6bxyN56hXTs/s1600/Fig%2B3%2BMy%2Bchromosome%2Bview.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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BritainsDNA [aka ScotlandsDNA] adopt a colour graph approach
which is a bit different from the others just mentioned but tends to produce
similar overall results. These graphs are obtained by comparing sections of a
person's DNA with the same sections from individuals in known populations. There
are two versions - Figure 4 is based on a global analysis of the DNA, while
Figure 5 refines the European elements of the global report.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Note, however, that these results are not
from the same individual as the first three examples.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fig. 4: BritainsDNA
Ancestry Painting - global result<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fig. 5: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>BritainsDNA Ancestry Painting - European <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iKEZY8_H9j8/VKkx3IgwJQI/AAAAAAAAAXQ/AwDkBF88C-s/s1600/Fig%2B5%2BKeith%2BEurope%2Bpicture.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iKEZY8_H9j8/VKkx3IgwJQI/AAAAAAAAAXQ/AwDkBF88C-s/s1600/Fig%2B5%2BKeith%2BEurope%2Bpicture.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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And the same company's presentation of chromosome painting:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fig 6:</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">BritainsDNA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Chromosome Painting <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pAaOmIT5Ufw/VKkyRXg2PaI/AAAAAAAAAXY/U1UBUfbuOiQ/s1600/Fig%2B6%2BKeith%2Bchromosome%2Bpainting.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="301" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pAaOmIT5Ufw/VKkyRXg2PaI/AAAAAAAAAXY/U1UBUfbuOiQ/s1600/Fig%2B6%2BKeith%2Bchromosome%2Bpainting.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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As more data are made available to geneticists, charts and
grids such as these will be refined and developed further. FtDNA, for example, uses
the results from My Origins to suggest relationships between individuals on the
basis of shared DNA segments.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h2>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">MtDNA - Mitochondrial
DNA</b></h2>
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Mitochondrial DNA is passed from a mother to her sons and
daughters but only the daughters can pass it on afterwards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What this means for genealogical purposes is
that MtDNA identifies those people who are related through the mother's
mother's line back through time. However, whereas surnames for males can be
tracked back in time for perhaps 600 years or more and related to the passing
on of the male Y chromosome, societies tend not to preserve information on
maternal genealogy (unless there is a royal connection). Participants are
therefore most interested in the possibility of identifying others who have the
same genetic grouping or haplotype as they do, or, they are interested in
finding out about the origin of their particular haplogroup - for example where
did the woman who originated the genetic line live and how many tens of
thousands of years ago was she alive. Migration maps have been created to show how
migration based on mitochondrial DNA happened and also to show how the
different genetic lines developed. One such map can be found here:<o:p></o:p></div>
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http://www.transpacificproject.com/index.php/genetic-research/<o:p></o:p></div>
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There are three levels of testing: HVR (hyper variable
region) 1; HVR2; and FGS (Full Genome Sequence). Typically a participant will
match a number of others at HVR1 but matches will decrease the more detailed
the level of testing. Here is an example of report for haplogroup J1c1b1a:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fig. 7 mitochondrial (MtDNA)
results <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-joxYzWi-w9g/VKkynXq9SDI/AAAAAAAAAXg/xZweE8HGezw/s1600/Fig%2B7%2BRichard%2BMtDna.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="140" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-joxYzWi-w9g/VKkynXq9SDI/AAAAAAAAAXg/xZweE8HGezw/s1600/Fig%2B7%2BRichard%2BMtDna.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
I should add that 23andme actually covers the whole genome X, Y and autosomal. It has a lot of medically relevant information as well although recent American legislation has limited the company's ability to offer this.</div>
<h2>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">SNPs - Single
Nucleotide Polymorphisms</b></h2>
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<br /></div>
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Perhaps the most interest in DNA in the past year has been
generated by the developments in SNP identification. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The following websites might help in the
understanding of the significance of SNPs:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
https://www.genome.gov/Pages/Education/DNADay/TeachingTools/MakingSNPsMakeSense.html<o:p></o:p></div>
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJjXpiWKMyA<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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At the moment, as far as Scotland is concerned, the greatest
attention has been directed to using SNPs to distinguish the points at which
different clans split off from each other in the early Medieval period. Some of
the most important SNPs for this analysis were identified by Jim Wilson of
ScotlandsDNA using the Chromo2 chip. FamilyTreeDNA had previously released
their product - BigY -which was designed to test for a large number of SNPs but
did not include those which were of most significance to Scottish genealogy, though
they have since made the most interesting SNPsavailable for purchase as single
SNPs. Towards the end of this past year the company known as YSEQ started
offering panels (groups) of SNPs including those which identify the Scottish
clan groupings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The most comprehensive
genome testing is done by Full Genome Corp - which currently offers comprehensive
testing of the Y chromosome for less than 900 dollars US.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This last is the only test currently
available (because it is comprehensive) which has the potential to identify
SNPs which are more recent and important for dividing up family groups in
historic time - that is, since the beginning of surnames. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With this comprehensive Y test comes the
possibility of identifying all the SNPs which link specific families together
in the centuries since the introduction of surnames.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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The most informative website for seeing what has been
learned so far about the relationship of clans is the one created by Alex
Williamson:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #386eff; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">http://www.littlescottishcluster.com/RL21/NGS/Tree.html<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #386eff; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">http://www.littlescottishcluster.com/RL21/NGS/R-L1335.html
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">which is the main group for those of Scottish descent of which the
MacGregors are part.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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A summary version of the tree is found here:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/17907527/R1b-L21_Tree_Chart.pdf"><span style="background: white; color: #324fe1; text-decoration: none;">https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/17907527/R1b-L21_Tree_Chart.pdf</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The key discovery as far as Scots from
the Western Highlands is concerned came about through the work of Dr Jim Wilson
of Edinburgh University. Through his work using the Chromo2 chip the sequence
of SNPs ending with S690 which defined the MacGregor line was identified. Since
we believe that S690 was probably found for the first time in Gregor the
founder of the clan (who flourished c1360), anyone who thinks they might be a
MacGregor can test for this SNP on its own, and this is now much the cheapest
starting point in searching for genetic origins (but of most value to those who
believe that they currently bear an alias).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As far as MacGregors are concerned, there are intriguing suggestions
that a much smaller and less productive group of MacGregors broke off earlier than
1360, and it is speculated that those MacGregors and the McFarlands (now known
as 'hidden MacGregors') who have S691 or S695 are part of this group.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Current thinking is that SNPs occur
about every 90 years, and even if this is an underestimate it is clear that all
Scottish clans are very strongly related. The next Figure shows an adapted
version of the genetic tree identified by Jim Wilson (as presented to the
International Clan Gregor Gathering in summer 2014).</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fig.
8: SNP tree as presented by Jim Wilson in July 2014<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2Jri8rkkZoE/VKkyzx25OzI/AAAAAAAAAXo/4Wzqpm1gvhQ/s1600/Fig%2B8%2BS530%2BPICTURE.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2Jri8rkkZoE/VKkyzx25OzI/AAAAAAAAAXo/4Wzqpm1gvhQ/s1600/Fig%2B8%2BS530%2BPICTURE.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The sequence of SNPs which arose is
therefore, in chronological order:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">L1335<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">L1065<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">S749<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">S744<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">S691<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">S695<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">S690<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>MacGregor (and ?S697)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">S696<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>MacGregor of Glencarnaig (Chief's line) (and ?S698)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">According to the current date estimates
L1335 could have arisen at c790AD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
believe that there are some, as yet undiscovered, SNPs between S690 and S696
(and S698) which define the Chief of MacGregor's line only. If S696 happened in
say 1420 we would expect to see more clan members having this SNP than appears
to be the case. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At any rate it seems
likely that S696 dates to within the last 250 years. However do not currently
know the status of the SNPs S697 and S698 which seem to be related to S690 and
S696 is some way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Thanks to the work of Dr Neil McGregor in
Australia we are beginning to break down the SNP results to see which
particular SNPs define which families. Our aim is to raise money through the
Clan Gregor Society in order to pay for full Y chromosome testing on 5
individuals who represent different branches of Clan Gregor. The difficulty
then will be in identifying the significant SNPs from the tens of thousands
which will be reported! The picture below taken from a recent Excel file shows
the speculative tree to date.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fig.
9: Hypothetical breakdown of MacGregor genetic tree (as at December 2014)<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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<br /></div>
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This draft tree is based on the following data which Neil McGregor has derived from a combination of STR (marker) results and SNP results. The number on the left hand side is the Family Tree DNA kit number.<br />
<br />
<b>Fig.10 STR data on which Fig. 9 is based</b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UKx7qmf8Q9Q/VLBQ1XT3cRI/AAAAAAAAAYI/xGoyF1dUjY4/s1600/530%2BSTR.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="92" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UKx7qmf8Q9Q/VLBQ1XT3cRI/AAAAAAAAAYI/xGoyF1dUjY4/s1600/530%2BSTR.tiff" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As usual if any individuals wish to see
how their results relate to anyone else in the project I am happy to do a
comparative chart such as those found on previous blog updates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since this opportunity has been available to
all since the beginning of the project this offer is particularly directed to
those who have tested their Y chromosome in 2014. As usual my email address is
richardmcgregor1ATyahoo.co.uk (substituting @ for AT).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-27927657299337904742014-01-01T03:19:00.001+00:002017-07-07T23:21:10.214+01:00MacGregor DNA Project 2014 update<style>
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MacGregor
DNA Project - update 2014</div>
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<br /></div>
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Welcome
to the annual update of the MacGregor DNA project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This year, at the time of writing, we had welcomed
78 new members to the project and several members upgraded their Y chromosome tests
from 37 to 67 markers, as well as ordering other tests which are available
through FamilyTreeDNA.</div>
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<br /></div>
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2014
will be a momentous year for Scotland - a year in which those living there will
be asked to vote 'yes' or 'no' to independence. The vote has been proposed by
the Scottish National Party (the SNP) who currently have the majority in the
Scottish Parliament. It will remain to be seen if this is the year of the SNP but I
mention this because another SNP will make the news this year. 2014 is being
described by genetic genealogists as 'the year of the SNP' and also as the year
of the 'SNP tsunami'. Of course the SNP being referred to here is
'Single-nucleotide polymorphism'. Most people who have engaged in DNA testing
are familiar with the sequence of numbers (12, 25, 37, 67 or 111) which result
from STR or 'short tandem repeat' analysis but the significance of the upcoming
SNP 'surge' is rather different.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Without
wishing to make the scientists among you groan I will give a very basic idea
here of what the difference is from the perspective of a DNA testing
participant. I have also given some information on SNPs in earlier blogs.</div>
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<br /></div>
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As I
said earlier, STR testing of the Y chromosome produces a series of number
scores which can be compared with others in the surname group. Thus, by the conventional
wisdom, those who share 33 out of 37 or 61 out of 67 markers are in common
descent from the same individual, usually the person with whom the surname
originated (or one of them, since surnames can have multiple origins). The
number sequence also defines the 'haplogroup' - which for the main MacGregor
line is R1b. The frustration for individuals with this test has been that while
it clearly indicates common origin, it does not, except in some rare cases,
really allow individuals to see if they are more closely related in historic
time since DNA mutation is random. An assumption has sprung up that those who
have less mutations difference with another member of the group must be related
in more recent time. This is unfortunately not the case. A mutation separating
individuals could have happened 200 years ago but it could equally well have
happened 600 years ago. What is needed is a more accurate time clock for
mutations causing a split in a family group. That is where SNPs come in. </div>
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<br /></div>
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The
technology is now sophisticated enough to be able to isolate these SNPs, and as
a result more detailed family trees based on genetic mutation can be
constructed, and the level of detail possible in these genetic trees will only
increase. The MacGregor Project has been fortunate to work with Dr Jim Wilson
of ScotlandsDNA and he is in the process of analysing results from a number of
MacGregors including the Chief's line [MacGregors of Glencarnaig].<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The new SNPs and the Glencarnaig line</b></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Chart
1 (chart is copyright ScotlandsDNA and Dr Jim Wilson)</span></b><br />
MacGregor tree SNPs (as at December 2013) <br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JuN6K_UIiY8/UsOAvB1RnuI/AAAAAAAAAVE/PYIcP6wp4ho/s1600/Wilson+chart.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="297" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JuN6K_UIiY8/UsOAvB1RnuI/AAAAAAAAAVE/PYIcP6wp4ho/s400/Wilson+chart.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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At
this point we do not have dates for the SNP mutations but the results for the
Chief's line indicate a split of that line from other MacGregors tested - and
we expect other MacGregor families will have similar splits which will mean
that those more closely related to each other will be able to identify roughly
at what point in time that split occurred. In the chart above, which has been
supplied by Dr Wilson, you will see that the Glencarnaig line has two
distinctive SNPs which characterise that family (the SNPs known as S696 and
S698). As more information becomes available we should be in a position to
actually broadly date these SNPs - currently only available for testing with
ScotlandsDNA who discovered them using their newly developed Chromo2
microchip.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At this point, any MacGregors
who think they might be from this line can find out by doing the Chromo2 DNA
test at www.scotlandsdna.com.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can
choose to get the results presented in a brochure or you can just obtain the
raw DNA data. </div>
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On
the chart you will see many other numbers, sometimes prefixed by CTS, sometimes
S etc: all these are SNPs, many newly discovered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There will be much more interpretation
possible once the SNPs for various other MacGregors tested is made available
and so I am expecting to be writing a new update sometime during this year as
the results begin to filter out.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The MacFarlands ('hidden MacGregors')</b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chart 2</b></div>
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<style> </style>During
the last year I was asked to draw a chart for the MacFarlands - now labelled
'hidden MacGregors' because their DNA doesn't match the MacFarlanes but rather
the MacGregors, which means at some point an ancestor adopted the MacFarland
name and never resumed MacGregor when it became legal to do so. Given the
MacGregors' history it would seem likely that this split occurred when
MacGregors were required to adopt different surnames following proscription
which was imposed from 1603. The family have a quaint tradition that their name
was adopted in America and was a reference to the fact that they came from a
Far Land. More prosaically, it was probably how some scribe wrote it down that
caused the final 'e' to change to 'd'.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The results which are displayed in the project, with one exception, seem
to indicate descent from one individual. What is harder to estimate is exactly
when that individual lived. There is a possibility that we are looking here at
a split which occurred just at the point of adoption of surnames - for the sake
of argument we'll call that 1300 - or, as I suggested above, we could be
looking at a spilt that happened around 1600. I would hope that SNPs will sort
this out in due course. What we can see is that there is a common point of
origin and from the mutations which happen within the family groups there is
pretty clear evidence that there are perhaps five or six different family
groups that have emerged from that common ancestor. More significantly, some
family groups have split again to produce those family groups associated with
kits 279525, 162109 and 192356 on the one hand, and 149452, 258767 and 237186
on the other. These groups should look at their paper trails to see if they can
identify an ancestor in the more recent past. It is possible also that 206815
and 189492 form a distinct family group.</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The MacGregor Project 111 marker results</b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chart 3</b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pPeKbQaRFUU/UsOCuiadI1I/AAAAAAAAAVY/bUd4mUBKLlo/s1600/All+111s+in+project+Chart+3.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="235" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pPeKbQaRFUU/UsOCuiadI1I/AAAAAAAAAVY/bUd4mUBKLlo/s400/All+111s+in+project+Chart+3.png" width="400" /></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></div>
<br />
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In
this section I will be looking at all the 111 marker results for the R1b group.
However I have included a version which shows 'Viking' Grier and Greer because
I want to show something which is rather interesting. The length of time of
genetic separation between the 'Viking' group, that is, haplogroup I, when
compared with the rather large R1b group, shows separation in time of thousands
of years. Yet see kit 33483 Grier and 1568 Greer - two individuals closely
related to each other and rather distant from 239031 Gregor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now let's examine the lower portion of the
chart in more detail.</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">MacGregor</b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chart 4 specific group 111 marker results
which includes MacGregor main line </b></div>
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<br /></div>
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This
group of participants are very clearly a defined subgroup of R1b - observe the
time distance (going up into the top of the picture) between this group and the
other R1bs. This is where what I call the 'bloodline' MacGregors are, but as
you can see this group also includes various surnames such as Moore, Bourland,
Miller, McPherson, Boyd (a MacGregor alias it seems), Stuart (probably not the
Stuart main line), Bissett and Lark. Some of these individuals have tested for
the SNPs L1335 and L1065. It seems very likely that in this part of the chart individuals
will have the SNP L1335 and possibly also the SNP L1065 - these SNPs have been
tentatively dated to the middle of what we used to call the Dark Ages, perhaps 500-1000AD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As usual, one would expect
those individuals who share a branching line to be more closely related (such
as is clearly the case for the Millers 250470 and 234239). Often we see single
lines converging at a certain point and this suggests a common ancestor within
historic time. It might be worth participant 131269 doing the Chromo2 test to
see if he shares the unique SNPs of the Glencarnaig line.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chart 5 - All 111 marker results except
Greer outliers [70% confidence with modal]</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FCcJpRXKHb4/UsOFxNXI8nI/AAAAAAAAAVo/cW-1Nnz4CTM/s1600/All+111s+except+Greer+70+percent+and+modal+chart+5.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="271" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FCcJpRXKHb4/UsOFxNXI8nI/AAAAAAAAAVo/cW-1Nnz4CTM/s400/All+111s+except+Greer+70+percent+and+modal+chart+5.png" width="400" /></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></div>
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I
turn now to the rest of the 111 results. These are clearly very diverse but
within the results are some potentially interesting subgroups. Perhaps the most
important thing to say at first though is that most people are not related,
other than having a common origin, and the time distances for those that look
somewhat related probably takes those people - who tend to have different
surnames - to connections which may be 2000 or more years old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
That
said, 197837 McAdams and 165907 McAdam are clearly related, and it is not so
far back in time to the split with Hamill 270957 and, much earlier, Gammie
230380. It would be hard to put dates on these - geographical connection might
be possible here. The same applies to 273521 Chandler, 23361 Gregory, 138123
Black and 226146 March, and indeed every other group of results which have a
link later than the central point. There is one exception: 171234 McGee and
269879 McGee are clearly related to each other - that much is not surprising,
but the close connection of 278878 Bowers to these two indicates that 278878 is
actually a McGee - it would be interesting to know if there are any provable
genealogical links among these three. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Making connections</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
In
this final section I want to talk about how to make connections genetically
from the results table at the FtDNA website. When you go to the webpage
www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor you will see that the various test
results have been grouped together. Generally speaking I will create a new
subgroup when two or more individuals share a common surname. Some individuals
have yet to be grouped and they are found in the 'ungrouped' section. When you
look at your results in the chart you will see that the company, FtDNA, group
people with like DNA together within the name groups that I have created. When
you find your own results you will see other individuals' results round yours.
For the most part, these individuals will be your closest relatives and, unless
you see a common ancestor indicated somewhere else in the subgroup (look in the
most distant ancestor column) those are the people you should compare yourself
with. If you want me to run a number of individual results together and produce
a diagram which shows connectedness (as I did for the McFarlands), I am happy
to do that. Two things however: first, I need you to identify the individuals
with whom you wish to be compared and, second, I need to be able to compare
like for like. 12 and 25 marker comparisons are not really very informative so
I am basically referring to 37, 67 or 111 marker comparisons. Comparing a 67-marker
result with a 37 will not produce useful results.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Please
contact me at richardmcgregor1ATyahoo.co.uk, substituting the @ sign for AT. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
As
usual I have various acknowledgements:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
The
charts are generated using Dean McGee’s program using 30 years per generation,
50% probability and Doug McDonald’s mutation rate average. The website for
Dean’s program is:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html">http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html</a>. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
The networks are generated using the program Splitstree which is available at
www.splits tree.org. I use the Closest Tree filter. The citation for this
program is as follows:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D.
H. Huson and D. Bryant, <span class="link-external"><span style="mso-field-code: " HYPERLINK \0022http\:\/\/mbe\.oxfordjournals\.org\/cgi\/reprint\/msj030?ijkey=GvcBFw4QPIORzUE&keytype=ref\0022 \\t \0022_blank\0022 ";"><span class="MsoHyperlink">Application of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies</span></span></span>,
Mol. Biol. Evol., 23(2):254-267, 2006.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Richard McGregor</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
January 2014<br />
<br />
STOP PRESS:<br />
<br />
No sooner had I written this than an interested contact provided me with an updated version of Chart 1. The detail of this chart speaks for itself.<br />
<br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rXuGZXUtFuM/UsPxYA6dADI/AAAAAAAAAWA/olVq41sYY6M/s1600/SNPs+at+Jan+1st.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="372" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rXuGZXUtFuM/UsPxYA6dADI/AAAAAAAAAWA/olVq41sYY6M/s400/SNPs+at+Jan+1st.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
</b>MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-83565158998644278892013-01-01T01:27:00.002+00:002013-01-01T02:49:03.009+00:00MacGregor DNA Project annual update 2013<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KtyuO1091lc/UOIyf20tjiI/AAAAAAAAARA/BMraJb_KPJk/s1600/Chart+1a+Viking+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Arial;">MacGregor DNA Project annual update 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Welcome
to this update of the MacGregor DNA project for 2012 which is being<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>posted in January 2013.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The project continues to expand with about
100 new participants registering every year (including some people who join
both this and other projects).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Please
note that all references on this blog to ancestral origins are dependant on the
accuracy of the information provided by participants. The charts are generated
using Dean McGee’s program using 30 years per generation, 50% probability and
Doug McDonald’s mutation rate average. The website for Dean’s program is:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html">http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The charts are generated using the program
Splitstree which is available at www.splits tree.org using the Closest Tree
filter. The citation for this program is as follows:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D.
H. Huson and D. Bryant, <span class="link-external"><a href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/msj030?ijkey=GvcBFw4QPIORzUE&keytype=ref">Application
of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies</a></span>, Mol. Biol. Evol.,
23(2):254-267, 2006.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
This
year I am focusing on 5 main groups and attempting to include as many of the
new participants as possible from the groups which are not the main Ian Cam
MacGregor bloodline.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am therefore
concentrating on what I have called the Viking groups, Sept and Irish <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[taken together], Gregg and Gregory [taken
together], MacGregor Distant, and M(a)cAdams from the results website which can
be found at <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor">www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor</a>.
I need to explain why I have adopted these labels and I will do that for each
group as I discuss them.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
First
of all the two ‘Viking’ groups. These are known as haplogroups I1 and I2 and
while they have a common origin many thousands of years ago their recent
development is quite separate. I1, as far as British/Irish genetic ancestry is
concerned, probably reflects the influence of the Norse – particularly
Norwegian (and to a lesser extent Danish) invasions in the later centuries of
the 1<sup>st</sup> Millennium AD. I2 on the other hand probably reflects more
the Danish and northern European (Belgic etc.) invasion or settlement in
Britain (remembering that the countries as they now stand are more recent
creations and there was a lot of movement through and across Europe in both
prehistoric and historic times).</div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Viking Group I1</b></span></h3>
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</div>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KtyuO1091lc/UOIyf20tjiI/AAAAAAAAARA/BMraJb_KPJk/s1600/Chart+1a+Viking+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="255" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KtyuO1091lc/UOIyf20tjiI/AAAAAAAAARA/BMraJb_KPJk/s400/Chart+1a+Viking+1.jpg" width="400" /></a><b> </b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Chart
1a - Viking Group 1 (I1)</span></b></div>
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The
I1 group which is shown in Chart 1 has more individuals in it, possibly
reflecting greater Norwegian influence in Scotland and Ireland. Although all
are related to a common ancestor (labelled modal) most others spring from
common source individuals <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(most recent
ancestor) who probably lived long before surnames were adopted, and probably
not in Scotland or Ireland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Without
going into detail, the shorter the line between two individuals the closer
related they are.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus in this chart the
Greggs 38216, U2361 and 9243 are definitely related to each other and probably
quite recently with a split having happened in the family leading to 38216 on
the one hand and U2361 and 9243 splitting much more recently. 38216 goes back
to a John in Antrim Ireland born c 1690 – this may be the common ancestor (but
see the group of Gregg and Gregory for a possible problem here). Similarly the
Gregorys 168837 and 146665 are closely related and share a recent common
ancestor who may be the Richard Gregory born 1763 in Pennsylvania. The Skinners
101344 and 235447 are closely related, possibly to a John alive in the 15<sup>th</sup>
century. No one else on this chart is closely related. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Other names in this chart are Sch(irmer), Dhu,
Grea(r), Mac(Gregor), Whi(te), Kin(g), Whyt(e),<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Gri(eve),<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Har(dy), Her(d),
McW(hannell), Ski(nner), Fra(zer), Man(ary) and 168201 Gri is Grier, </span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GxeDEf67WDY/UOIydl-oICI/AAAAAAAAAQ4/2YjE1hejtD4/s1600/Chart+1b+Viking+with+Grier.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="255" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GxeDEf67WDY/UOIydl-oICI/AAAAAAAAAQ4/2YjE1hejtD4/s400/Chart+1b+Viking+with+Grier.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Chart
1b <span style="font-size: x-small;">-</span> ‘Viking Group’ 1 plus Grier/Gree</span></b>r</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
I
have added into this version of Chart 1 all the ‘viking’ Grier/Greers and it
will be seen that with one exception they all group together (bottom right of
chart). Interestingly this group includes a Frazier who seems to be a genetic
cousin of the Griers and may represent an adoption or non-paternity event in
historic time. All these individuals are closely related (this group has been
explored in greater depth in previous updates)</div>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Viking Group<span style="font-size: small;"> I2</span></span> </span>
</h3>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5BRg2PSB5rI/UOIybpWVN6I/AAAAAAAAAQw/d6JlYJ7GlKs/s1600/Chart+2+Viking+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5BRg2PSB5rI/UOIybpWVN6I/AAAAAAAAAQw/d6JlYJ7GlKs/s400/Chart+2+Viking+2.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Chart
2 - ‘Viking Group 2’ [I2]</span></b> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
In
Chart 2 which is the I2 haplogroup, the two Kings 22659 and 178417 are closely
related – since these two individuals trace back to the 1750s in Ireland and
Scotland separately then the common ancestor must be earlier than 1750 but it is
not possible to say whether the ancestor lived in Scotland or Ireland. What is
particularly interesting in this chart is the three individuals who have
different names – 177355 McClister, NS1448 McGregor, and 45658 McLean – this
must surely indicate the likelihood a ?Danish Viking ancestor on the west coast
of Scotland (one post on the internet suggests that the McClisters were
arrowmakers to the MacGregors).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Other
names on this chart are Malo(ch), McF(arland), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whit(e), Smit(h), Dia(z),<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kin(g), Dea(n). Mac(Liver), Stir(ling)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Further
information on the haplogroups I1 and I2 will be found at these websites:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_I1_Y-DNA.shtml</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_I2_Y-DNA.shtml">http://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_I2_Y-DNA.shtml</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<a href="http://www.buildinghistory.org/distantpast/haplogroupi.shtml">http://www.buildinghistory.org/distantpast/haplogroupi.shtml</a></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Se<span style="font-size: small;">pts and Irish</span></span></h3>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NFfIbBTekbY/UOIyZra2PJI/AAAAAAAAAQo/n1J96SFd1c0/s1600/Chart+3+Irish+Sept+and+McGregor+use+this.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="252" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NFfIbBTekbY/UOIyZra2PJI/AAAAAAAAAQo/n1J96SFd1c0/s400/Chart+3+Irish+Sept+and+McGregor+use+this.jpg" width="400" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span>Chart
3 <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">- </span></span>Septs and Irish</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>
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</b></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
In
this chart what I have done is to put two groups together to show in particular
how different descriptive surnames (White, Black, Brown) can have different
origins. It also indicates how close together the Irish group is despite
different surnames and how difficult it can be within the Irish group to decide
whether this represents a common surname origin or a common ancestor pre
surnames. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Note
that the line that goes off the page to the bottom right leads to 3 participants
who do not belong to haplogroup R1b which all those shown do, and therefore
their genetic ancestry is rather different from those shown. The kit numbers
are 151731 White, 108644 Black, and 226547 White. The line which leaves the
chart to the top right hand corner goes to 139352 Black.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the chart the following are the names
Gre(er), Gree(r), Grie(r), Gri(er), Blac(k), Bla(ck), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bl(ack), Doc(herty), Whi(te), Whit(e), Kin(g),
Lak(ie), McG(regor), McGre(gor), MacGr(egor), Brow(n), Why(te), Lac(kie),
Leck(ie)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
All
those lines which lie below the modal line have the characteristic Irish
signature. It will be seen that most of the Greers (however spelt) fall within this
group (but remembering that there is also a group, not shown here who have a
non Irish signature, and equally another group who have the ‘viking’
signature). Although these are all related to a common ancestor there does appear
to be several family group as shown by the different lines. 173150 is Grierson
as is 33323.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For discussion of these
families see previous versions of this blog and the public website for the
project, address given above, for the earliest ancestors of this group. The
McGregors, Blacks and Whites in this part of the chart might be distantly
related to each other – and this could be after the adoption of surnames.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
The
rest of the sept names show a wide divergence from each other and from the main
MacGregor bloodline shown as 2124 in this chart (with Brown being the nearest
genetically).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not all the sept names
have been included here in order to make sure that the chart was readable. Among
those not included are: the McGees (however spelt) most of whom are related to
each other – and there is a separate DNA project for this name; the Turks (all
related to each other); the Dougalls etc. If any member of this sept group
would like me to run a separate chart with them included please contact me
directly at the email address given at the bottom of the page.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
(McGee
website http://www.familytreedna.com/public/mcgee)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- King
74820 and 179850 are closely related (they both claim descent from David King
1765 Edinburgh). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Some
more distant connections are suggested, such as 1) 250257 McGregor and 81303
Black; 2) 133351 Black, 136778 Black, 139352 Black, and 256286 Whyte; 3) 229554
White, 32205 White and 114313 Lackie</div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Greig, Gregg, Gragg and Gregory</span> </b></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aHDJ-UNY7kY/UOIyVZ7e0tI/AAAAAAAAAQg/lElCClYT0kg/s1600/Chart+4+Gregg+Gregory+with+modal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="251" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aHDJ-UNY7kY/UOIyVZ7e0tI/AAAAAAAAAQg/lElCClYT0kg/s400/Chart+4+Gregg+Gregory+with+modal.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Chart
4 <span style="font-size: x-small;">-</span> Greig, Gregg, Gragg and Gregory</b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Next
is the chart for Gregg, Gragg, Greig (and various other spellings) and Gregory.
In order to make a comparison with the MacGregor Ian Cam line I have included
kit 2124 which is the main reference line for the Ian Cam group. The individual
names can be identified by the kit number and the first letters (Gra = Gragg,
Gre = Gregg or Greig, and Gry = Gregory). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
The
most important story here is that there are multiple origins for the Gregg and
Gregory names shown in this chart but that some participants ARE related to
each other. Starting at the left side: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Gregories 179191 and 24223 are very
close: this looks like it might be an Aberdeen connection – could this be the
famous Gregory family of Aberdeen? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Graggs 81282, 259416 and 158127 – are
all related<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(with the possibility of an
earlier split indicated by Griggs 212668).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Note though that 81282 projects an ancestor John born in Antrim in 1690
– this cannot genetically be the same as 38216 who also claims the same
ancestor but from the Viking Group. If both genealogies are right then one may
contain a non-paternity event.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Kit
239588 and 239449 are Norwegian Greig descendants of the composer Edvard Greig
– of particular interest here is the earlier split which led to 195430 who
claims decent from Captain James Gregg of Dundonald<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Ayrshire or Fifeshire?)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- Edvard Greig’s ancestors are supposed to
have come from the north east of Scotland.
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
The
following other relationships are shown by the DNA:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Gregg
and Gragg, kits 141020, 214992 and 7489<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- suggested ancestry Kilkenny Ireland and South Carolina</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Gregory
200827 and 36169 Gregory <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- Tennessee and
England
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Greig
and Gregg 64662 and 45360<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- Pathhead
Scotland</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
These
might share a common distant ancestor with Gregory 253062<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[Lincolnshire]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Gregory
81123 and 23361 - Virginia
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Gregg
130191 and 6979 – Tipperary and possibly also Gregory 168499 – Cork, Ireland</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Gregg
137236, 76121 and 110496 – no locations given</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Possibly
(but not definitely) Griggs 233084 and NS2932 Gregory [no locations given].
These might share a distant connection with the following
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Gregory
N74931, 201682, 67166, 179683, 1961, 43234, 58711, 30977, 8100 all Virginia,
and North Carolina, Northampton and Scotland (kit 8100)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- Finally
Gregory 36006, [1390 England??], 9690 Grieg [Rathen, Aberdeenshire], 131056
Grigor [? North east Scotland], 73052 Gregory [Scotland] and 2124 MacGregor
[Argyllshire] seem to have a connection which goes back in north Scotland to
before 1350.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the split between these
individuals in this group could be dated more accurately it would give a better
understanding of the origin of the Gregor/Grigor/Greig/MacGregor connections.
This might well soon be possible if SNP testing (which I discuss at the end of
this update) continues to develop.
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Please
note that there is a Gregory and a Gregg/Grigg DNA project which both have more
members than represented in the MacGregor project. Please see:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
www.familytreedna.com/public/GREGORYDNAProject</div>
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/grigg">www.familytreedna.com/public/grigg</a></span>
<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">M(a)cGregor Distant</span> </b></span></h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6BCWP1bPL6g/UOIyTCgEcyI/AAAAAAAAAQY/L0SrBeNMdhw/s1600/Chart+5+McGregor+all+use+this.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6BCWP1bPL6g/UOIyTCgEcyI/AAAAAAAAAQY/L0SrBeNMdhw/s400/Chart+5+McGregor+all+use+this.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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</style> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Chart
5 - M(a)cGregor distan</b><b>t</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
I
have discussed this group in a previous update so I will confine comments
to<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>some general comments about those
groups of McGregors who are clearly related. Where the lines are longer it is
not clear if the individuals connected are related within the time of surnames
but again if anyone would like me to help them make contact with an individual
who might not otherwise show on the DNA matches then please write to me<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>at the email address below.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Starting
from the left, 218135, 155381, 164124, 158870, 186233, 99676 and possibly 20630
are closely related to each other and the earliest ancestries known go back to
the Rosshire area of Scotland. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
- 122079 and 121543 should be closely related but
no ancestral<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>location is available other
than Scotland. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>17621 (McKinley), 28296 McGregor<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(or McComas) (from Brig o Turk, Perthshire)
have a strong genetic connection, probably pre surname to the MacGregor
bloodline 2124.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7183, 2726, 138445, N49861 161907 and 27811,
all appear to belong to a group of (Mc)Gregors who lived in the vicinity of Perth.
94589, 158917 and 129009 are closely related – there may be a connection with
Clackmannanshire in Scotland. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>153297, 198351 and 4151 descend from Thomas
Callum alias McGregor who lived in Keith and Grantown on Spey 1738-181(5). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>29834, 200914, 101298, 84081, 137093,
251882, 126138, and 173181 are all connected, and at least some of these
descend from Rev William McGregor (see the public website for further
genealogical information). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>196030, 153532 and 164088 are all related
though the ancestral information only goes back to Virginia,</div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: small;">M(a)cAdam(s)</span></h3>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5Fx04iaeL5Y/UOIyQIjtkaI/AAAAAAAAAQQ/8kP4pQNv3s4/s1600/Chart+6+McAdam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="237" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5Fx04iaeL5Y/UOIyQIjtkaI/AAAAAAAAAQQ/8kP4pQNv3s4/s400/Chart+6+McAdam.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Chart
6 <span style="font-size: x-small;">-</span> M(a)cAdam(s)</b></span><br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
The McAdam chart is hard to interpret and reference should
be made to the McAdam DNA project at <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/mcadams">www.familytreedna.com/public/mcadams</a>.
As a result of the length of time which is suggested by the chart joining
individuals together (such as the split which occurs on the left hand side of the
chart) it is hard to say if these individuals all share a common surname origin
or whether they demonstrate multiple adoptions of the name. The following
participants are definitely related:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kits
82874 and 83205,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>[PEI Canada and
Armagh Ireland]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kits
8857 and 54141 [no location given and County Down]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kits
3714 and 48842 [County Down, Ireland – but the DNA says this cannot be the same
line as 54141 unless it is a different family with the same christian name used
or there has been a non paternity event in one of the lines]. 48842 goes back
to Prince William Va]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kits
233804 and 12683 may be related [no locations given - ?Scotland]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kits
144894 [North Carolina], 197837 [North Carolina], 16568 [Scotland], 76324
[County Down] and 165907 [ Waterhead] Kits 5237 [South Carolina], 71022 [Belfast]
and 183682 [no location] may be part of this group also.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Note that<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>71022, 76324, 104330, 16568, 144894, 197837, 183682, 11255, 5237, 11256,
133229, 230681,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and 165907 all
share the characteristic signature which is primarily associated with Ireland
originally, and they will all have the typical SNP (see final section)
M222.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They therefore share a
common ancestor in more recent time and in the last update I suggested, through
the creation of some grids, what the possible timeframe for this ancestor might
be.<br />
</div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
SNPs
and the future of genetic genealogy</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">As hinted at several points above, the
importance of SNP testing will become more and more important for the defining
of family groups in the future. SNPs will be used to date splits occurring
within family groups. At the moment these splits are being discovered for the
period which used to be called BC, and in British terms the time the time
between the retreat of the ice and the beginning of the first Millennium
AD.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have already mentioned that M222
defines an Irish group and within the last few months the discovery of L1335
has identified what is now being called the Scots Modal. For those of you who
have tested SNPs already you might have been confused by the constant changes
of labelling which have taken place over the past years. The problem has been
created by the constant discovery of new SNPs which define branches of
populations. So<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>M222 participants were
called R1b1c7 in 2007 and that has changed every <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>year since:</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span>
<br />
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</style> <span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="hap-new"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2008 =
R1b1b2a1b6b</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<span class="hap"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2009 = </span></span><span class="hap-new"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">R1b1b2a1a2f2</span></span><br />
<span class="hap"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2010 = R1b1b2a1a2f2</span></span><br />
<span class="hap"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2011 = R1b1a2a1a1b4b</span></span><br />
<span class="hap-new"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">2012 =
R1b1a2a1a1b3a1a1</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span class="hap-new"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(<a href="http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/2012/09/lets-all-start-using-terminal-snp.html">http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/2012/09/lets-all-start-using-terminal-snp.html</a>)</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span class="hap-new"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So it is
likely that from now on individuals will be classified according to the last
SNP they have had tested which is positive. So the Irish group will be R-M222
and the Scots Modal R-L1335 (the MacGregor bloodline lies in this group). As
newer SNPs are discovered the labels will change too depending on what tests
are positive for each individual.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once
these SNP tests become available and enough people do the tests it should be
possible to say within a period of maybe decades when parts of a family split.
For those who cannot find a way to locate ancestry back in Britain this could
be very important and may possibly even help with finding an ancestral geographical
location. According to the blog from which I quoted above there is a suggestion
that M222 will be broken down even further<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>– a new test offered by National Geographic Geno 2.0 will, according to
the blogger ‘</span></span><span class="hap"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">reportedly, will
define at least three new subclades beneath M222, but I hear it may be more’.
The future for genetic genealogy is likely get very interesting for those who
want to know more about their origins as more testing firms start to offer
these tests.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span class="hap"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If you want to discuss this further please contact me at
richardmcgregor1ATyahoo.co.uk replacing AT with the sign,</span></span><span class="hap-new"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> </b></span></h3>
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<br />MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-3172783716125346022011-12-29T11:49:00.018+00:002011-12-29T12:59:46.870+00:00MacGregor DNA Project annual update 2012<style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-priority:99; color:blue; mso-themecolor:hyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; color:purple; mso-themecolor:followedhyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">MacGregor DNA Project annual update 2012</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Welcome to the 2012 update of the MacGregor DNA project. For this update, as a result of the nature of the test results which have appeared over the past year, I am concentrating on three groups: Greig/Gregg/Grigor; MacGregor distant and Septs. There have been only a few Ian Cam MacGregor new results this year and a few upgrades from 37 to 67 markers. At the end of this article I comment on what relationships if any can be inferred from those results. I will also comment on relationships to be found in the various subgroups that are listed on the results page at <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor">www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>This year’s update does therefore not include discussion of the Ian Cam group, the Irish related group and the Viking groups which have all been covered in detail in recent updates. At the moment I am not including discussion of McAdam(s), Grier and Gregory results as there are separate projects for these which have many more results than those listed in the MacGregor project. However as always I am happy to provide commentary on these by e-mail.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The three groups which I am dealing with this year should not be thought of as containing participants who were all related in the recent past. Most of the branches of the trees presented here are several thousand years old before they converge on a single ancestor who was the original founder. This means that there are participants who share the same name but not the same genetic signature within the time of the adoption of surnames (from approximately 1300-1350). However what the charts do suggest is some definite and some possible connections which participants may wish to explore further. Often these connections are through the same surname even if spelt differently (when only church clerks could write how they chose to spell a name was sometimes idiosyncratic). Occasionally the trees suggest a connection between individuals with different names. This can be simply an accident of genetic mutation but could suggest a connection relating to the late adoption of a surname, or of adoption.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">For the two groups after the Gregg/Greig/Grigor<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>tree I have drawn two charts which include the same information. The first chart has no labelling apart from the kit number and the first couple of letters of the name of the earliest known ancestor (I had to adapt a couple of entries but these should be obvious). The second chart contains the information supplied concerning the earliest known ancestor of the line. In some of the charts these labels can be quite close together but hopefully comparative use of the two charts should make it clear what label belongs with which branch.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">In these charts I include the MacGregor of Glencarnoch entry (kit 2124) and the typical Gregory signature for the largest group of that family (kit 179683) again for comparison.</span></p> <br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oLOqOeA9cgM/Tvxa7KUrAGI/AAAAAAAAAO4/9zNLeVb6vr8/s1600/Greig%2Btree.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 196px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oLOqOeA9cgM/Tvxa7KUrAGI/AAAAAAAAAO4/9zNLeVb6vr8/s400/Greig%2Btree.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5691524001519304802" border="0" /> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> </a><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Chart 1 Gregg/Grieg/Grigor (excludes the Gregors near Perth who changed to MacGregor in the late 18<sup>th</sup>/early 19<sup>th</sup> centuries)</span></span></p><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; panose-1:2 7 3 9 2 2 5 2 4 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-priority:99; color:blue; mso-themecolor:hyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; color:purple; mso-themecolor:followedhyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph {mso-style-priority:34; 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mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-1805988248 1427539466 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:110; mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:-; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Arial; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l0:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l0:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Symbol;} @list l0:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l0:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l0:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Symbol;} @list l0:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l0:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> </p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">This chart suggests:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">Gregg kits 137236, 76121 and 110496 are closely related – unfortunately no ancestral information has been supplied</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">Gregg kits 130191 and 6979 are closely related and seem to have an connection with Tipperary in Ireland</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">If these two lines (and Gregor 44975) are connected it will probably be at the earliest time of surnames</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">214992 Gragg, 7489 Gregg and 141020 Gregg are all related through a common ancestor. Interestingly this is one instance where two quite different spellings are from the same family. There appears to be a connection therefore between Kilkenny County in Ireland and South Carolina</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">Gragg 158127 and 81282 are related and appear to come from Antrim in Ireland</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">Greig 9690 and Grigor 131056 are probably not related by surname – there is a possibility that both families originate in the north east of Scotland. The fact that the MacGregor of Glencarnoch line is attached to this branch has been discussed in an earlier update – the suggestion is that this connection dates from what has been known in the past as the Dark Ages (c500-1000).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">Gregg 64662 and Greig 45360 are related and appear to have a Scottish connection</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <span style="font-family: Arial;font-family:";font-size:100%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";font-size:100%;" ></span> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-priority:99; color:blue; mso-themecolor:hyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; color:purple; mso-themecolor:followedhyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial">All the other lines are almost certainly separate genetic lines and not related directly to those discussed above. Chart 3 is a chart which takes the entries above and places them in a grid which estimates the time to the most recent common ancestor. The numbers should only be used as a guide since DNA mutates randomly. The grid is generated by Dean McGee’s Y-Utility found at <a href="http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode">http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>What is obvious is that the time distances between individuals extend well beyond the time of the adoption of surnames.</span></p> </div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-n4d0H2SJMOo/TvxXwmZms_I/AAAAAAAAANw/mZ9T5ouSGys/s1600/Greig%2BTMRCA1.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 340px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-n4d0H2SJMOo/TvxXwmZms_I/AAAAAAAAANw/mZ9T5ouSGys/s400/Greig%2BTMRCA1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5691520521542743026" border="0" /></a> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> <span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-MS 明朝";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";font-size:12.0pt;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /> Chart 2 Gregg/Grieg/Grigor Time to Most Recent Common Ancesto</span>r</span></span><br /><br /> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Part 2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">MacGregor (Distant) charts (includes the Gregors near Perth)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">In the following charts what is immediately clear is that these are a good number of families called M(a)cGregor who are separated from each other genetically and that their common ancestor existed before surnames. </span></p> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span><style><!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; 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mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> <p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qcBA5FEQ0fM/TvxXSWGlfkI/AAAAAAAAANk/0pSf3okKHTI/s1600/McGregors%2Bdistant.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 196px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qcBA5FEQ0fM/TvxXSWGlfkI/AAAAAAAAANk/0pSf3okKHTI/s400/McGregors%2Bdistant.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5691520001771929154" border="0" /></a></span></span></p> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; 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mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> <p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> Chart 3 – unlabelled MacGregor distant</span></span></p><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"> </p><div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; font-weight: normal;">There are several reasons why different families adopted the same surname and previous updates have explored some of these in depth. Briefly, families adopted surnames to replace patronymics (so Donald McGregor would replace Donald son of John son of Ewan, or sometimes Donald son of Duncan son of Gregor), or, a surname was adopted to be part of the clan group – especially if living on land owned by a powerful or influential Laird or Chief. There are, for example, quite a few people called Grant today because their ancestor lived on the land owned by the Laird of Grant. Sometimes these changes of name are recorded in the parish registers when a child is baptised but often not.</span></div><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; 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mso-default-props:yes; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style><div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-size:100%;"></span><br /></div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1eih3LKhRUE/TvxXGJQZyWI/AAAAAAAAANY/5nwyODrDrEQ/s1600/McGregors%2Bdistant1.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 196px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1eih3LKhRUE/TvxXGJQZyWI/AAAAAAAAANY/5nwyODrDrEQ/s400/McGregors%2Bdistant1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5691519792165013858" border="0" /> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; 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mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;} @list l0:level2 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l0:level3 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l0:level4 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Symbol;} @list l0:level5 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l0:level6 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} @list l0:level7 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Symbol;} @list l0:level8 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:o; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:"Courier New";} @list l0:level9 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">I will discuss this chart from left to right clockwise starting in the lower left corner.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">kit 5356 is very distant from all the others and goes off the page for the same distance again since this result belongs to a completely different haplogroup (group which defines a more common genetic origin). All the others in this group belong to haplogroup R1b which dates back approximately 12,000 or more years so 5356 is connected many thousands of years even before that. There is no significance to the fact that 213368 and 15199 connect to this line. These are single result families at this point and not connected in time of surnames</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">155381, 99676, 186233, 164124, and 158870 – all these, from the evidence, are related. It seems likely that this family originated in Rosshire</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">170627 (no genealogical details) and 75529 Drummond alias McGrigor in Kincardine, Perthshire may be related in the period of surnames but all the others in that group (117991, 98515, 60181, 79517 and 179182) are either not related within the surname period or are connected in the centuries before proscription of the clan (from 1603)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">13403 (John born 1753) and 130631 (no details) are probably related to each other within the last 400 years – it is less likely that 20630 James Ross MacGregor is other than distantly related to them</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">153633 James born in Forgue and the Gregory line are quite separate from all others and not connected in surname time – the connection is certainly 2000 or more years ago.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">27811 (James Gregor Moneydie) and 161907 (no details) are definitely related, as are 7183 John Gregor Bankfoot, 2726 Alexander MacGregor 1770 and 138485 (no details). Charts in earlier updates have suggested that these five should be considered as a group and may have their origins using the surname Gregor in parishes near to the town of Perth.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">132396, 167829, and 90803 (no details supplied for these) – if there is a connection here it must be very early or DNA has been subject to increased mutation</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">178662 Daniel 1814 and 100843 Alexander in Creich – likewise this is either an early connection or DNA has been subject to increased mutation </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">95193 James in Rathven could be related to 94589 Charles in Clackmannanshire but again this would be either distant or DNA has mutated quickly, but 94589 is closely related to 158917 and 129009 no details for either)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">65444 and 35981 Patrick McGregory can only be related distantly </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">153297, 4151 and 198351 are all related and probably descend from three brothers born 1769, 1772 and 1766 respectively. Since this is my own family I can be quite sure about most of the detail in it. What is significant and therefore may hold true for other families too is the significant amount of mutation that has occurred in each branch over the last 200 years. The computer program still links the three lines together but the short time distance and the relatively long twigs that are produced over such a short time suggests that similar rates of mutation could be found in other families. This is why it is hard to say that some families are definitely NOT related within the period of surname adoption.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">The next branch containing MacGregor of Glencarnoch 2124 and 17711 John, Milnathort, 122079 James, Greenville, 121543 (no detail), 28296 Donald McComas and 17621 James McKinlay all appear to be closely related but the problem here is that we believe there has been no mutation in 2124 in 600 years which would put connections earlier than the adoption of surnames. This may explain why James McKinlay and MacGregor of Glencarnoch are related as there is a tradition of connection between these clans pre surnames. Alternatively McKinlay could be an alias adopted by a MacGregor but again it would have to be very early in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Millennium that this happened.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">173181, 185487, 126138, 29834, 200914, 137093 and 84081are all related in some way to Rev William McGregor through collateral lines or forebears who lived a few generations before him</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -18pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;" ><span style="mso-list: Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;">174561 is supposed to descend from Rob Roy MacGregor but the DNA suggests otherwise</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Part 3</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Sept names</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">In a way the Sept names are easier to deal with in that one does not expect these to be close together. A Sept was created by linking a surname with a clan, usually by tradition, and it is quite possible that individuals with the same surname are not related to each other (as for example with Black and King in these charts).</span></p> <br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Fd5lO8UT4Cw/TvxVZmskP_I/AAAAAAAAANM/io4rZEY68kU/s1600/Septs.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 196px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Fd5lO8UT4Cw/TvxVZmskP_I/AAAAAAAAANM/io4rZEY68kU/s400/Septs.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5691517927462027250" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style=" font-weight: bold;font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 5 – Sept names unlabelled</span></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></span><br /><br /> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Once again I begin at the bottom left and this time with the participants called Turk. There is no question that these individuals are all related and connected with Antrim in Northern Ireland. However the family has a tradition of actually coming from Brig o’ Turk in the Trossachs, Scotland. Their DNA signature suggests a connection with MacGregor of Glencarnoch that may have been before surnames were common. If this was a name adopted as a result of proscription then it was probably based on geographical proximity to the MacGregors and a shared genetic heritage going back into the ‘Dark Ages’.</span></p> <br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pPuHNmPWFbs/TvxVPhry41I/AAAAAAAAANA/NAx0CkjisFM/s1600/Septs1.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 196px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pPuHNmPWFbs/TvxVPhry41I/AAAAAAAAANA/NAx0CkjisFM/s400/Septs1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5691517754317923154" border="0" /></a><br /> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --></style><span style="font-family:Arial;"> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Chart 6 – Sept names labelled</span></span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></span><br /><br /> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-priority:99; color:blue; mso-themecolor:hyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; color:purple; mso-themecolor:followedhyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">In the next group, the Skirlings, 16710, 13678 and 13635 are closely related, and the rest: 2124 MacGregor of Glencarnock, 205188 Enoch Murray, 23501 James Stirling Inverarity, 81803 Brown and 129382 Black are probably all related within the period up to the adoption of surnames rather than after it, so again this may demonstrate geographical proximity and a common ancestor during the ‘Dark Ages’.<br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">203008 White and 179484 would have a common ancestor probably 2,000 or more years ago. There are no other matches for these in the project at this point. A<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>similar comment applies to the group 205721 Shanklin, 61249 Walker, 3963 Black and 179683 Gregory. This is the same for 208986 Whyte and 168162 Magee (this last has a different genetic origin from the larger group which will be discussed later). The same applies to 126778 Black and 95320 West. 104782 Gregson 50101 White, and 10279 McPeters are singles with no matches in the project at 37 markers.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">120116 and 115596 are not related to others in the project apart from, surprisingly 27575 King, but are closely related to each other. 17586 McGeorge and 158878 Dougall are not closely related – it is just that their respective DNA has not undergone much mutation. 41034 and 188467 both share the surname Black and look as though they could be distantly related but their individual DNA has mutated rather quickly if that is the case. 74820 and 179850 have the same known ancestor and are indeed closely related genetically.<br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">All the other DNA profiles are unrelated to each other and the rest of the group with the possible exception of 32205 White and 114313 Lackie who may share a common ancestor in the last 600 years. 108644 Black, White 151731 and 166858 Grigsby are from completely different haplogroups than the R1b shared by all the other participants in this group. They all belong to haplogroup G<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>but even in that group they are quite distant from each other. According to Wikipedia:</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;" > </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Arial;font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Various estimated dates and locations have been proposed for the origin of Haplogroup G. The National Geographic Society places haplogroup G origins in the Middle East 30,000 years ago and presumes that people carrying the haplogroup took part in the spread of the Neolithic. Two scholarly papers have also suggested an origin in the Middle East, while differing on the date. Semino et al. (2000) suggested 17,000 years ago. Cinnioglu et al. (2004) suggested the mutation took place only 9,500 years ago.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-family:";font-size:85%;" ><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-family:";font-size:10.0pt;" > </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} @font-face {font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-font-charset:78; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1791491579 18 0 131231 0;} @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073743103 0 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> </style> <span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US; mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";font-size:100%;" >Finally in this group, all the participants, apart from the one already mentioned, who bear the name Magee, McGehee, Mackgehee and McGee are all closely related having no doubt descended from the ancestor who emigrated to the United States in the 17<sup>th</sup> century.</span> </p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-family:";font-size:100%;" ></span><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">General Comments on other results:</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">In the Ian Cam line kit 191228 was received this year. This line has sufficient mutations to suggest that it has developed independently for some hundreds of years, possibly since the time of proscription. However the DNA may imply an ancestral connection with kits 119330 (Malcolm b 1780 Buchanan), and James McPherson (bc 1752 Abernethy) and 94903 (no details) going back to the early 1600s.<br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Kit 217464 (no details) is also new this year. It is hard to place this exactly as a result of a very distinctive mutation in locus 29 (19 where most have 24 or 23). This means there could be a connection with 94903 (no details). Alternatively there could be a connection through the locus 32 mutation (to 19) with 152478 (no details), or 90446 (Duncan b 1795 Paisley), or less likely, 119330 (Malcolm b 1780 Buchanan) and <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>4714 (Duncan MacGregor Fortingall 1773?).</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">With one exception all the McFarlanes in the Ian Cam group, however spelt, are related to each other genetically as well as having a distinctive signature that suggests a MacGregor connection.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">At the outset I promised a comment on each of the smaller groups listed in the DNA project page at <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor">www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor</a>.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">All these comments relate to a comparison of the Y chromosome as the results appear on the FtDNA chart. It is possible that a male adopted the name of his mother rather than that of his father. Any relationship between such males cannot be verified genetically at the moment.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The two Andersons are not closely related genetically. The Gruar/Grewar pair ARE closely related genetically. 34571 M(a)cDonald is not closely related genetically to 90496 and N12949 but these last two are related genetically within the period of surnames.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>All the Magruders in the project are related to each other. 147767 McLachlan and 149586 McLaughlin are not related to each other or to 153144 McLaughin and 84701 McLaughlin. However I would expect these last two to be related through a quite recent common ancestor since it looks like 84071 has faster mutating DNA up to this point. The McNee/McNie pair ARE closely related and should look to find the common ancestor. 187136 Mitchell is not related to the other two in the group. A2881 could increase to 37 markers which would probably confirm a connection with 126082 Mitchell.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">In the Moore group the four individuals are probably not genetically related in the time of surname adoption although it is hard to be absolute about 18134 who has only tested 12 markers. The two individuals in the Mustard group ARE closely related. In the Nichols group it is possible that 112863 and 202529 are related within the time of surname adoption but in that case would have more rapidly mutating DNA. The other two are not related either to each other in the Y chromosome and indeed 65000 belongs to the G haplogroup whereas the others are R1b.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">I have spoken about the Orrs in previous updates. The two Reids are not related genetically, nor are the three Smiths (and 24436 has Viking DNA). In the Stirling (other) group 52255 Starling and 41885 Starling are closely related. The other two in the group are not related to each other or to these two.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">At the moment I have not attempted to draw a chart of the ungrouped entries but will do this during the year for report in the next update. In the meantime if anyone in the ‘Ungrouped’ section would like to indicate to me if they have matches within the MacGregor project subgroups at 35/37 and 63/67 and above I will run their results within the group to which their matching project member belongs.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Finally a note about 67 matches. Keith MacGregor (Clan Gregor Society North America representative) has raised a question with me on the issue of public availability of contact information on order that individuals can contact directly (from the charts I generate) others who appear closely related through the various branches. Unfortunately as a result of the data protection laws in Britain I cannot release that information but I do give the kit number so that members of the project can easily identify each other using when using the Matches section of their personal DNA webpages on Family Tree DNA.<br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">I would point out, however, that not all individuals with 67 marker matches are members of the MacGregor project, and in fact with a few exceptions those on the matches grid who show 5 to 7 mutations away from an individual often have surnames which are not related to Clan Gregor at all. These are not generally people whose ancestors adopted aliases but indicate how little genetic mutation has occurred in the last 2000 years in many families’ DNA. More distant 67 matches will almost certainly NOT have the characteristic marker mutations which distinguish members of the MacGregor bloodline. In particular we would expect to see the fourth and fifth markers as 10,10, the 12<sup>th</sup> marker usually at 30, and the 29<sup>th</sup> marker usually at 24. It would be unusual in the MacGregor bloodline profile for ALL of these markers to show mutation.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">These reports are always longer than I imagine they are going to be and I try to be as clear as possible taking account of the fact that DNA mutates randomly and therefore the prediction of connections cannot be an exact science. As always I am prepared to answer questions from participants with regard to individual results. Please contact me on richardmcgregor1ATyahoo.co.uk.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The trees are generated using the program Splitstree4 for which the following reference applies:</span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;">D.H. Huson and D. Bryant ‘Application of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies’, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Molecular Biology and Evolution,</i> 23(2):254-267, 2006.</span></p>MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-52586083156513208512011-01-01T21:34:00.023+00:002011-01-05T00:48:07.090+00:00January 2011 MacGregor DNA Project update
<br /><meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>589</o:Words> <o:characters>3359</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>27</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>6</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>4125</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-noshow:yes; color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Welcome to the MacGregor DNA project January 2011 update. I have decided to present it in a slightly different form this year, making use of the earliest known ancestor genealogies which participants have provided on the Family Tree DNA website. As I hope to show these pieces of genealogical information can be extremely valuable in linking the DNA results with family histories and can give clues as to possible previously unknown relationships.
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">I would encourage those who have not already done so to make use of the section under User Preferences on their personal DNA pages to indicate earliest known ancestor. It does not matter if this ancestor is only known in the place of emigration and not in Scotland since it is possible that clues as to the actual place of origin may come through links with DNA relatives. I have worked mainly with entries which have provided such information rather than make the charts much less easy to read as the result of labels which indicate ‘no detail’. However, some charts do include ‘no detail’ entries so that possible avenues of investigation could be pursued.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US">What this update focuses on</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">I have dealt primarily with those surnames immediately related to MacGregor – that is, Gregor, Grigor Grieg, Greer, Grier, Grierson, but some other representative surnames are included by single examples embedded in the charts (e.g. Magruder). In addition I have run a series of charts for the DNA profile which FTDNA assign to ‘descendants of Niall of the Nine Hostages’, which as will be seen below groups a variety of surnames within a rather tight timeframe, for the most part indicating connection in the Dark or Middle Ages. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">If your kit has not been included in this update then please feel free to contact me, and I will run a chart for you with whichever other entries you wish – though it may take a while if everybody mails at the same time! It normally needs about 15 minutes to generate a chart without genealogies: adding genealogy detail increases the time required considerably as it has to be done by hand.<span style=""> </span>Some of the other surname groups have not been included, partly because there are often specific projects for these names (e.g. McAdam) and in many cases genealogical information is missing. You can see the current state of the project at:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor">www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor</a></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">If you see that your genealogy entry is blank this is the time to sort it! If you have forgotten your various codes then you can contact me with the relevant information (about 8-10 words of text only) and I will do it for you.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US">Chart generation methodology<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">In previous updates I have included details of the process undertaken to produce the charts so I will not repeat that here, except to add that the labels were added in a simple ‘Paint’ program making use of the T(ext) feature.<span style=""> </span>The labels are added to the chart to be as near to the kit number to which they apply – this means that, depending on the shape of the tree chart they can be above, below or beside the relevant kit number. For those interested, all the charts have been generated using a standard 40% likelihood of Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMCRA) and using the mutation rates defined by Doug McDonald. As I was preparing this update I experimented with various configurations including using 95% confidence and FTDNA’s rate calculations. What the 40%/McDonald combination does is generally to pull older dates further back into the past and more recent dates closer. Occasionally a few (no more than 2 or 3) participant results change places on the charts when using these two different modes of generating chart material, and I will comment on a couple of these<span style=""> </span>as I go on.<span style=""> </span>At the end of this update I show an example of this variation on a limited number of the ‘Irish’ 67 results through Tables generated by Dean McGee’s Y-DNA Comparison Utility:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode">
<br /></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode">http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode</a></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>4</o:Words> <o:characters>26</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>31</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US">DNA commentary – Ian Cam group<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <!--EndFragment--> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span><p></p> <!--EndFragment-->[Note: double click on the charts to view]
<br />
<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-hj8TBTeI/AAAAAAAAAMY/5WWEJ_41xAQ/s1600/bloodline%2B67s%2Bwith%2Bgenealogies%2Blabelled1.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 189px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-hj8TBTeI/AAAAAAAAAMY/5WWEJ_41xAQ/s400/bloodline%2B67s%2Bwith%2Bgenealogies%2Blabelled1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5557338104051879394" border="1" /></a> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>6</o:Words> <o:characters>38</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>46</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Cambria; 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mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 1: MacGregor (Ian Cam) group 67 markers</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <!--EndFragment--> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>299</o:Words> <o:characters>1706</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>14</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>3</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>2095</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; 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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">What this chart suggests is that participants 185140 and 50589 are very closely related and possibly descend from two brothers in Kenmore, or certainly a father or grandfather of the same. A more distant connection might bring in participant 3346. The McFarland/McFarlane/McFarlins are all related – or rather all those in the project are – presumably through founder effect in America. Participants 26174, 16798 and 168387 are all related but that was known before. Chart 1 suggests that kit 2125 might be connected with this branch but chart 2 below (generated using 95% confidence and FTDNA mutation rates) shows 2125 connected with 1774. As this represents a change from supposed House of Roro to the House of Glengyle clearly some more results are needed to try and make the exact connection of 2125 clearer!<span style=""> </span>Other connections worth investigating are:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">a possible more recent ancestor for 191035 and 94875 linking Perthshire with Govan - another result coming into this pair might help to clarify this apparent similarity</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">a possible connection geographically between Buchanan Stirlingshire 119330 and Abernethy/Kincardine in Strathspey with the adoption of the McPherson alias for 121048</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">a suggestive link with upper Loch Tay<span style=""> </span>133637 Stronfearnan 133637 and the emigrant ancestor of Pennsylvania in 1802 of 131269 and 146413 [I’m sure I’ve seen some indication of Love used as an alias in Balquhidder but I can’t quite identify it in my sources]. Also connected to this group is 108707 whose earliest known ancestor married in Irvine in 1815</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">a possible connection between Alva (26752) and Glasgow in 1847 (10897)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">a possible connection between 2909 whose ancestor turned up in Jamaica and Loch Rannoch (10454)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">an interesting thought that the ‘Renton’ John (24029) could be connected to the ‘Forfar’ John 44327 - in a previous generation – and as a result, a possible genetic relationship for the participant named Pierson (believed to be previously Stewart)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">187511 and 24470 descend from the same individual in Muthill</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>6</o:Words> <o:characters>37</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>45</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; 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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">the Stirling connections were already known</span> <!--EndFragment--> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">
<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></span></p> <!--EndFragment-->
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panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Cambria;">Chart 2<span style=""> </span>Ian Cam group 67 markers using 95% confidence/FTDNA mutation rate</span></b></span><!--EndFragment--> </div> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>50</o:Words> <o:characters>286</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>2</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>351</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; 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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Additional Notes:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">participants 94903 and 121048 could be more distantly related, though there is no further detail on these </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US"><span style=""> </span>possible connection between 119330 in Buchanan, Stirlingshire, 26752 in Alva Stirlingshire and 90446 (no details) [this might seem to contradict a link between 119330 and 131269/146143 – but see the next main paragraph]</span></p> <!--EndFragment-->
<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-hUrqXF0I/AAAAAAAAAMI/cMdHO6Lm5iE/s1600/bloodline%2B37%2Bwith%2Bgenealogies%2Blabelled3.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 189px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-hUrqXF0I/AAAAAAAAAMI/cMdHO6Lm5iE/s400/bloodline%2B37%2Bwith%2Bgenealogies%2Blabelled3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5557337841888335682" border="1" /></a> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>5</o:Words> <o:characters>30</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>36</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US">Chart 3 Ian Cam group on 37 markers<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <!--EndFragment-->
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mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:562713843; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1544486220 -948295924 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:6; mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:-; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Many of the links suggested in Charts 1 and 2 above hold true for the smaller number of markers but there are some additional possibilities and a cautionary message concerning mutations.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">We’ll start with the cautionary: if you look at the chart you will see that 131269 and 146413 appear to be at some distance from each other. This is because there are 3 mutations difference and, rather unusually (that is in perhaps 1 case out of 50) these are actually from the same known family. Since 131269 shows less mutations from the modal (that is the average of all the participants in this group) it means that 146413 has acquired more mutations than would be expected in what is effectively less than two centuries. In fact there is some indication that in large families the oldest and youngest males can have a mutational difference, and there’s also some circumstantial evidence that the older the father is the more likely it is that the DNA will have a error on the ‘passing on’, in other words, a mutation.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">This means that we should always consider possible links between members with similar DNA as exactly that – possibilities, not certainties.<span style=""> </span>The problem is more evident when dealing with a common ancestor who lived in more recent times. With more distant genetic connections as seen in chart 5 these differences tend not to be so obvious or significant.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>59</o:Words> <o:characters>340</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>2</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>417</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; 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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">That said, the following links are possible:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Auchtar in Perthshire (129554) and Kilsyth Stirling 1745 (28699) though at some distance in time</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Possible links between Kilmun (near Dunoon) (108052), Paisley 1807 (12596), Rannoch c 1762 (12162) and Perthshire c 1750 (94875)<span style=""> </span>- if there is a more recent common ancestor for this group it might be someone who lived in the time of the early proscription (from 1603)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> <p></p><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span>
<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-hNWI1fGI/AAAAAAAAAMA/hdGBcJ7On3A/s1600/Various%2BMacGregor%2B37%2Bresults%2Bversion%2B2%2Blabelled4.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 190px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-hNWI1fGI/AAAAAAAAAMA/hdGBcJ7On3A/s400/Various%2BMacGregor%2B37%2Bresults%2Bversion%2B2%2Blabelled4.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5557337715851492450" border="1" /></a> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>13</o:Words> <o:characters>75</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>92</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Cambria;">Chart 4 – various M(a)cGregor<span style=""> </span>results at 37 markers to show possible geographical origins</span></b></span><!--EndFragment-->
<br /></div>
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mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:562713843; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1544486220 -948295924 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:6; mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:-; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">In this chart we are dealing with a much greater time span than just 600 years from the founder Gregor/Ian Cam group so the results begin to collect together more clearly. The locations are suggested based on the participants’ statements of most distant known ancestors.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Starting from bottom left:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">a very clear group of 5 individuals who certainly descend from a common ancestor and that person may well have lived in Rosshire, perhaps in the 17<sup>th</sup> century</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">N62107 and 153532 may well descend from a founding ancestor in America</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">126138, 17381, 84081 and 29834 almost certainly all descended from Rev William McGregor traditionally from Glen Ossian in Scotland</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">129009 and 94589 appear to share a common ancestor in Clackmannanshire </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">95193, 100843 and 13403 could be distantly related and possibly in the north/north east of Scotland </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">27811, 161907 (no detail), 138485, 2726 (Scottish place of origin not known), and 7183 may be connected to an ancestor living in the vicinity of Perth<span style=""> </span>- and the genealogies suggest that the name during proscription was Gregor not McGregor</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">the lower right consists mainly of some representative members of the Ian Cam group with 17711 and 28296 possibly representing earlier genetic connections (i.e. in the Dark Ages) unless these families have experienced more vigorous DNA mutation</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <!--EndFragment-->
<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-hG6Z56yI/AAAAAAAAAL4/59HERkWF260/s1600/McGregor%2BDistant%2Band%2BGreig%2Blabelled%2B37s5.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 212px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-hG6Z56yI/AAAAAAAAAL4/59HERkWF260/s400/McGregor%2BDistant%2Band%2BGreig%2Blabelled%2B37s5.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5557337605327678242" border="1" /></a> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>17</o:Words> <o:characters>102</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>125</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US">Chart 5 The MacGregor Distant group with Greig/Gragg/Grigor<span style=""> </span>(also includes representative Magruder result), on 37 markers<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <!--EndFragment-->
<br /><meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>316</o:Words> <o:characters>1804</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>15</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>3</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>2215</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; 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mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:562713843; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1544486220 -948295924 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:6; mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:-; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">This chart does NOT include members of the Ian Cam MacGregor group.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Starting from the left hand middle:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">these two results (5356 and 19304) are probably both haplogroup J and not connected to the main R1b group shown here</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Gregg results 6979 and 130191 share a recent common ancestor, presumably in Ireland. The connection of 75529 John Drummond McGregor to these seems unlikely</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">There could be a connection between 94589 in Clackmannanshire and 100843 in Sutherland.<span style=""> </span>In the late 18<sup>th</sup> century and during the early 19<sup>th</sup> century there was a great deal of movement from the very north of Scotland to the Lowlands for work. The ministers of the Sutherland and Caithness parishes speak of it in the 1<sup>st</sup> Statistical Account of Scotland 1793. Most of this movement was seasonal but some workers settled in the Lowlands (and usually because they had found a bride!). It’s possible that something like this happened in relation to these two results</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">45360 Greig and 64662 Gregg may be distantly related: the location Pathhead in Scotland might give 64662 a place to start looking for connections</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">there’s a strong suggestion of distant genetic links among the group which has Magruder 61472 to Grigor 131056 but this will almost certainly be pre surnames in the ‘Dark Ages’</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">a possible geographic connection between 9690 Greig and 131056 Grigor (this would have to be extended out to 67 markers to see how well the connection held up)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">an interesting (to me as it is my line) possible connection has emerged between 4151/153297 and 20630 which I am currently investigating genealogically</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">the 158127 and 81282 Gragg results clearly do indeed share a common ancestor although at the moment no connection with Greig/Gregg is evident</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">the proposed Rosshire group is represented here by 158870 and 164124</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">N62107, 153532 and 164088 are clearly related to each other, probably through a founding emigrant, though I cannot yet directly place these results with other MacGregors for comparison</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">the two Greggs 137236 and 110496, for whom I have no genealogical details<span style=""> </span>are clearly related, probably to a founding emigrant</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">the line of Rev William McGregor of ‘Glen Ossian’ is represented here by 29834 and 84081</span></p> <!--EndFragment-->
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<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-g8m8efVI/AAAAAAAAALw/l3vn-2oCf88/s1600/All%2B67s%2BMacGregor%2Bwith%2Bsome%2Bbloodline%2Blabelled6.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 190px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-g8m8efVI/AAAAAAAAALw/l3vn-2oCf88/s400/All%2B67s%2BMacGregor%2Bwith%2Bsome%2Bbloodline%2Blabelled6.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5557337428305280338" border="1" /></a> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>16</o:Words> <o:characters>92</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>112</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Cambria;">Chart 6<span style=""> </span>selected results from the Distant MacGregors, Gregory, Greer, and Gregor<span style=""> </span>surname groups on 67 markers</span></b></span><!--EndFragment-->
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<br /><meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>194</o:Words> <o:characters>1107</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>9</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>2</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>1359</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Courier New"; 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mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:562713843; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1544486220 -948295924 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:6; mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:-; mso-level-tab-stop:none; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Chart 6 brings in some exemplar results from other MacGregor related surname groups based on 67 marker results which also have stated genealogies. Some results which do not have genealogical detail given are also included:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">the Ian Cam group is shown at the far right. The 9690 Greig result and 36006 are shown here to be very close genetically to the main Ian Cam group.<span style=""> </span>Results like this suggest either a genetic line with a tendency to mutate faster, or, a connection to MacGregors pre Gregor the traditional 13<sup>th</sup>/14<sup>th</sup> century founder. It would be nice to think that this gives support to the descent of different lines from King Alpin as the genealogies suggest, but we need a lot more results before making that a definitive claim!!</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">the Gregory results in the middle left are interesting because they suggest descent from a common ancestor, presumably an early emigrant to the United States. However the genetic connection to any other members of the group is very very distant</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">still on Gregory, N52932 (David Gregory no detail) may share a common ancestor with 36102 in Virginia</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">there is an interesting possible correspondence between 29834 (Rev William McGregor) and the Greer of Fermanagh 57019</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">finally a possible linkage is suggested between 121543 (McGregor no detail), 130108 McGregor Loch Katrine, and 122079 James MacGregor Gow</span></p> <!--EndFragment-->
<br /><meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <div style="text-align: center;"><link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>1</o:Words> <o:characters>9</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>11</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size:130%;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Cambria;">'Irish’ DNA</span></b></span><!--EndFragment-->
<br /><div style="text-align: left;">
<br /><meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>180</o:Words> <o:characters>1030</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>8</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>2</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>1264</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-noshow:yes; color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">One of the ways in which the geographical origin of<span style=""> </span>genetic groups is being, and will in the future be, deduced, is through the use of SNPs. These have nothing to do with the Scottish<span style=""> </span>political party but the acronym stands for Single Nucleotoid Polymorphisms and they define older population splits, as distinct from STRs – (Short Tandem Repeats) which are used in surname studies such as this one (where participants receive a string of numbers which can be compared with those of other participants).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US">Family Tree DNA says the following:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-size:100%;">The Y chromosome contains two types of ancestral markers. Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) trace recent ancestry. The second type of ancestral marker, SNPs, document ancient ancestry. SNPs are small "mistakes" that occur in DNA and are passed on to future generations. SNP mutations are rare. They happen at a rate of approximately one mutation every few hundred generations.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">You can read the rest of this at:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/snps-r-us.aspx"><span style="">http://www.familytreedna.com/snps-r-us.aspx</span></a></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">Irish genetic studies tend to identify this specific geographical location through two different routes. First it is generally predictable by the series of STR results which looks similar to this:
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<br /><!--EndFragment--><meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>13</o:Words> <o:characters>75</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>92</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 28.8pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; width: 367px; height: 61px;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style="height: 29.6pt;"> <td style="width: 32.85pt; border: 1pt solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 29.6pt;" width="33"><meta equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><span style="font-size:78%;">393</span>
<br /></td> <td style="width: 32.85pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 29.6pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">390</span>
<br /></td> <td style="width: 32.85pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 29.6pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">19
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 29.6pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">391
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 29.6pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">385
<br />a
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 29.6pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">385
<br />b
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 29.6pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">426
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 29.6pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">388
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 29.6pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">439
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 29.6pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">389
<br />i
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 29.6pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">392
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; height: 29.6pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">389
<br />ii
<br /></span></td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="width: 32.85pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="33"><meta equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><span style="font-size:78%;">13
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.85pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">25
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.85pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">14
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">11
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">11
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">13
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">12
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">12
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">12
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">13
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">14
<br /></span></td> <td style="width: 32.9pt; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; border-style: none solid solid none; border-color: -moz-use-text-color rgb(170, 170, 170) rgb(170, 170, 170) -moz-use-text-color; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;" width="33"><span style="font-size:78%;">29
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<br /><meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>306</o:Words> <o:characters>1747</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>14</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>3</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>2145</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-noshow:yes; color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">Generally the 25, 11, 13, and the 14 on the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 5<sup>th</sup>, 6<sup>th</sup> and 11<sup>th</sup> markers respectively are present in the participant’s DNA signature as in the above example, although there can be mutations.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">Family Tree DNA have gone further and, on the basis of documented studies, suggest that those with this sequence (and extending out to 25 markers) are possibly descended from Niall of the Nine Hostages, one of the “Kings” of Ireland (FTDNA calls him a ‘warlord’). You can read the relevant page here:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/landing/matching-niall.aspx"><span style="">http://www.familytreedna.com/landing/matching-niall.aspx</span></a></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p>
<br /></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">Whether this is strictly true or not there is no doubt at all that those who bear this signature have a comparatively recent link to a common ancestor in Ireland (no more than 3000 years ago and quite likely even more recent) and all the R1b results in the Greer/Grierson/Gregory/McGregor group given below have this characteristic. The link can be further confirmed by testing SNPs as there is a characteristic mutation known as M222+ (i.e. ‘positive’ – they have it) which is common to this group.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">The following participants have had this SNP tested and are confirmed positive<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">4175 (McGregor), 7874 (Grier), 81125 (Gregory), 76382 (Greer), 127845 (McGee), 155715 (Greer), 165777 ( Greer), 165907 (McAdam).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">For interest you may wish to know that the main Ian Cam line has also been SNP tested and the current result is:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">P25, M269, S116 (P312), S127 (L11), S128 (P311), S129 (P310), S145 (L21)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">(the numbers in brackets are the alternative labels for the same SNPs)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">If you follow FTDNA’s assertion then all the participants on the following charts are descendants of Niall with the probable exception (though with an earlier connection) of Skinner 57893, White 120077, and McGregor 35727. In order to test how this might hold up I did a couple of Tables for ‘Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor’, using a variety of ways of generating data, and as you will see there is comparatively little time difference, most results falling after the lifetime of Niall (believed to have died c 450AD).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <!--EndFragment-->
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<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-g1RDAreI/AAAAAAAAALo/EJ6iPEQM-R0/s1600/Irish%2B37s%2Bwithout%2BNiall%2Blabelled7.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 196px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-g1RDAreI/AAAAAAAAALo/EJ6iPEQM-R0/s400/Irish%2B37s%2Bwithout%2BNiall%2Blabelled7.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5557337302168022498" border="1" /></a> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>8</o:Words> <o:characters>48</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>58</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Cambria;">Chart 7 - Irish related 37 marker results with genealogies</span></b></span><!--EndFragment-->
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<br /><meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>76</o:Words> <o:characters>438</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>3</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>537</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; 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text-indent:-18.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">More recent (but this could be after Niall and before surname adoption in cases where the surnames are different) genetic connections are suggested for:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="" lang="EN-US">Mitchell N6852, Gregory 81125, Magee 149721 and McGreer 72557<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="" lang="EN-US">White 2153, McGregor 4715 and Black 136599<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="" lang="EN-US">Stranahan N5324 and Strannigan (Stranhan) 4717<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="" lang="EN-US">Black 112442 and McGee (127845)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="" lang="EN-US">Greer 27441 and Grierson 173150 <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="" lang="EN-US">Grier 7874 and Grier 94757<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="" lang="EN-US">Greer 97279 and Greer 106143<o:p></o:p></span></p> <span style=";font-family:Cambria;font-size:100%;" lang="EN-US" >- All Greers:- 176539, 165777, 46156, 76382, 102002, 155715 - common emigrant ancestor
<br /> from Dumfries area?</span><!--EndFragment-->
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<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-grV71tVI/AAAAAAAAALg/21BE6719-hM/s1600/Irish%2B67%2Bon%2B40%2BMcDonald%2Bwithout%2BNiall%2Blabelled8.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 196px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-grV71tVI/AAAAAAAAALg/21BE6719-hM/s400/Irish%2B67%2Bon%2B40%2BMcDonald%2Bwithout%2BNiall%2Blabelled8.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5557337131681428818" border="1" /></a> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>8</o:Words> <o:characters>50</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>61</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 8 – Irish related 67 marker results with genealogies</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>26</o:Words> <o:characters>149</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>182</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">Although there are less participants results to show here the groupings (those which remain) stay the same as above except that McGrew 81138 comes closer in to Mitchell N6852 etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> <p></p> <!--EndFragment-->
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<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-gj4vGMgI/AAAAAAAAALY/rIK_4j8aK9Y/s1600/Irish%2B67%2Bat%2B95%2BFtDNA9.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 337px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-gj4vGMgI/AAAAAAAAALY/rIK_4j8aK9Y/s400/Irish%2B67%2Bat%2B95%2BFtDNA9.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5557337003584270850" border="1" /></a>
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<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-gOpLkycI/AAAAAAAAALQ/Z7dFtUYqGjY/s1600/Irish%2B67%2Bon%2B40%2BMcDonald%2B10.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 361px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-gOpLkycI/AAAAAAAAALQ/Z7dFtUYqGjY/s400/Irish%2B67%2Bon%2B40%2BMcDonald%2B10.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5557336638631496130" border="1" /></a> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>5</o:Words> <o:characters>33</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>40</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Cambria;">Chart 9 (Table 1) and Chart 10 (Table 2)</span></b></span><!--EndFragment-->
<br /></div>
<br /><meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>190</o:Words> <o:characters>1087</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>9</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>2</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>1334</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-noshow:yes; color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">These two Tables take the results of chart 8 and compare each with each other using two different mutation rates and probability factors.<span style=""> </span>As I suggested earlier the only real differences are that the older dates are pushed a little further back using 95% probability and FTDNA mutation rates, while more recent dates are brought closer to the present time through the use of 40% probability and the Doug McDonald derived mutation rates. The numbers are ‘years before present’, and the table is read as you would read a distance chart for different towns in a country. These figures should only be taken as guides since they are based on average rates of mutation: some families therefore show more mutations than average, and some show less than average.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">Finally, I was sent an interesting little table that compares the DNA of a couple of individuals at 25 markers with the proposed DNA for certain famous individuals. Perhaps one day we will be able to include King Alpin!<span style=""> </span>These ‘Famous DNA’ predictions can be found at the following websites (compare your own!):<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">http://www.isogg.org/famousdna.htm<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="" lang="EN-US">http://www.isogg.org/famousmenu.htm<o:p></o:p></span></p> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_haplogroups_of_historical_and_famous_figures"> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>25</o:Words> <o:characters>147</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>180</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-noshow:yes; color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> </a><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_haplogroups_of_historical_and_famous_figures"><span style="">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_haplogroups_of_historical_and_famous_figures</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <!--EndFragment-->
<br />
<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-fpz9EY2I/AAAAAAAAALI/ckg1oGt3YAQ/s1600/Keith%2527s%2Bcomparison%2Bchart11.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 91px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/TR-fpz9EY2I/AAAAAAAAALI/ckg1oGt3YAQ/s400/Keith%2527s%2Bcomparison%2Bchart11.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5557336005868282722" border="1" /></a> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/richard/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:template>Normal.dotm</o:Template> <o:revision>0</o:Revision> <o:totaltime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:pages>1</o:Pages> <o:words>8</o:Words> <o:characters>51</o:Characters> <o:company>University of Cumbria</o:Company> <o:lines>1</o:Lines> <o:paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:characterswithspaces>62</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:version>12.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Arial; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Cambria; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 11 (Table 3)</span><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span><span style="font-size:85%;">- comparing participant and ‘famous DNA’</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <!--EndFragment-->
<br />[Please see 'Comments' below - I have revisited David Grierson's comments on last year's report. Please do read them and mine below].
<br />MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-71734242638458406882010-01-03T00:42:00.006+00:002010-04-08T21:10:53.169+01:00Finding your DNA matches in the Family Tree DNA websiteThe charts in the Clan Gregor DNA update January 2010 can now be matched to the color coded surname grouped entries on the Family Tree DNA MacGregor project website (please remember though that some surnames are found in two groups - t<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span>he Grier/Greers are both 'Viking' AND 'Scots/Irish' for example - <span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">however, please do read David Grierson's extensive comments concerning the Griers, 'Irish related' and Chart 7 in the Comments section following the main 2010 DNA update post</span>). To go to the surname grouped entries now, click here:<div><!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;"><a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/MacGregor/default.aspx?section=yresults">http://www.familytreedna.com/public/MacGregor/default.aspx?section=yresults</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> </div>MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-21990050140052126472010-01-02T00:22:00.020+00:002010-01-02T19:51:26.633+00:00MacGregor DNA Project update January 2010<div><!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">MacGregor DNA Project – update January 2010</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Welcome to the annual update for the MacGregor DNA Project. One of the principal, but happy, difficulties in presenting a report on the MacGregor DNA group is in deciding how to break the results down into small enough groupings so that the diagrams do not become so dense they are unreadable. With 439 results posted as I write this, we remain one of the biggest of the Scottish clan projects. With so many results an attempt to put them all onto one diagram would create something that was not legible. This year I have therefore decided to concentrate on surnames and the surname groups which appear when viewing the Family Tree DNA MacGregor project website (</span></span><a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">).</span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">As a result I have not made charts which link some haplogroups together (for example there is no specific chart here with both R1b, the Atlantic Modal group – sometimes associated with the ‘celtic’ and the I group, generally applied to the Viking invaders). I am always prepared to generate specific charts for individuals if they would like to contact me. </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">Before presenting the charts just a few words about how they are generated. I take the raw data from the results page as published by Family Tree DNA and export it into an Excel file. For the purposes of identification I keep the kit number and surname. In many of the charts then each entry is identified by its kit number and part of the surname. For some of the charts however I have cut the surname label down to a letter key only which is given under the chart. With the Excel file complete I copy and paste the whole into the online Y-DNA Comparison Utility created by Dean McGee </span></span><a href="http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';">http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html?mode=ftdna_mode</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"> using 50% as the Probability, 30 years per generation on average, and the McDonald Mutation Rate figure. I check the box which asks if I want ‘PHYLIP’ data. Once the program generates results I go to the PHYLIP box and copy the results – these I then paste into ‘Splitstree’ a downloadable program that creates the charts </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><a href="http://www.splitstree.org/">www.splitstree.org</a>:</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;">D. H. Huson and D. Bryant,</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;color:#4C6875;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 18px; font-family:'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Lucida, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;"> <span class="link-external"><a href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/msj030?ijkey=GvcBFw4QPIORzUE&keytype=ref" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(67, 105, 118); background-color: transparent; text-decoration: none; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; background-image: url(http://www-ab.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/link_icon.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; padding-top: 1px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 16px; background-position: 0px 1px; ">Application of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies</a></span>, Mol. Biol. Evol., 23(2):254-267, 2006.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Lucida Grande"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">I use 50% most of the time because this seems to produce dates for comparing individuals which more or less conform to what the genealogies suggest concerning family splits. The programs use a combination of number of mutations related to mutation rate to produce likely time distances between each individual’s results compared with each other person’s results. This can sometimes produce less likely groupings for some more distant connections, separating those that probably ought to be together. However for more recent splits, as will be seen, the charts give some good indicators of family groupings.</span></o:p></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> </div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6WMGUga_I/AAAAAAAAAK0/TDg1wZdj3ic/s1600-h/67s+MacGs+at+95+1+bigger.jpg"><br /><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 206px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6WMGUga_I/AAAAAAAAAK0/TDg1wZdj3ic/s400/67s+MacGs+at+95+1+bigger.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421936135999876082" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b>CHART 1 - MacGregor 'bloodline' 67 markers</b></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'times new roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">This first chart compares all those ‘bloodline’ MacGregors (spelling is irrelevant) who have undertaken the 67 marker test. It includes 3 others, Gelston, Reid and Peterson who have similar DNA results to the MacGregors – and the chart suggests that the connection of these three is somewhat earlier in time than for the others in the group. The main group contains a McNab (60111) and a MacFarland (120820) who seem to have at least a genetic connection, which suggests either a split just at the time of the adoption of surnames or two examples of the use of an alias (not unlikely as the McNabs were numerous in the Killin area, and the MacFarlanes in the Loch Lomond area). Any results which group together on a twig are likely to have come from the same root individual. A good example of this is the Stirlings who are believed to all come from a Robert MacGregor alias Stirling born in the 1660s. This group have a distinctive mutation in the third panel which no other MacGregors share. Therefore if kit numbers 3346, 44327 and 24029 are indeed related to this branch then the split off from the Stirling group is quite likely to have happened pre-1660. This chart was generated using 95% Probability – reducing to 50% does not change the groupings at all.</span></span></div><div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Lucida Grande"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">It’s worth commenting that the program does not always preserve the groupings in the same way – though not presented here I have another version of this chart whose result significantly alters the position of kit 1774 – to make it an isolated branch on its own. This is interesting because we believe 1774 to be of the Glengyle family which is the sub group of MacGregors to which Rob Roy belonged.</span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> <a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6WEUa2yvI/AAAAAAAAAKs/zIABKkdQiYg/s1600-h/10+11+at+67+enlarged+2.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 324px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6WEUa2yvI/AAAAAAAAAKs/zIABKkdQiYg/s400/10+11+at+67+enlarged+2.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421936002345650930" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b>CHART 2 - all MacGregor 67 results other than 'bloodline' (those in Chart 1)</b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Lucida Grande"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">This chart groups all those in the project who are in the haplogroup R1b (with 67 marker results) but excludes the group of MacGregors who are in Chart 1 with the exception of kit 2124 MacGregor, used for reference purposes. It’s interesting that the program groups McKinlay (17621), a more genetically distant McGregor (28296) and a Skirling (13635) into a sub group, and then connects these with another group of more genetically diverse McGregors, a Greig (9690), a McWhannel (46397), and a Macadam (49834). On the other side of the chart the two Turks are clearly related, the two Starlings (41885 and 52255), the McGehees (74970, 51942, 121911) and Welcher 93788. Peterson 15223 and Reid 153633 seem also to be related more directly.</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-weight: normal;font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-weight: normal;font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> </b></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6V6hNPqoI/AAAAAAAAAKk/f924jjd9iNY/s1600-h/All+McGregor+except+Irish+and+Viking.jpg+4.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 199px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6V6hNPqoI/AAAAAAAAAKk/f924jjd9iNY/s400/All+McGregor+except+Irish+and+Viking.jpg+4.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421935833979529858" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b>CHART 3 - all MacGregors tested 37 markers (without 'bloodline', 'Irish' and 'Viking')</b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-weight: bold; font-size:small;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi-Lucida Grande"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-USfont-family:";font-size:12.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">This chart includes all MacGregors who have tested at 37 markers but omitting 1) the main ‘bloodline group’, 2) those MacGregors believed to be specifically Irish in genetic origin (these are on a later chart) and 3) those MacGregors who are genetically Viking (these are also on a later chart). Here some particularly interesting groupings emerge. Kits numbered 99676, 164124, 155381 and 158870 are clearly all related and all the known genealogies point to a Rosshire origin (and they may have used Gregor as a surname at some point). Kits 129009, 94589 and 158917 are again clearly related – the only genealogy submitted there has its earliest generation in Clackmannanshire. Kits 84081, 29834, 137093 and 126138 seem to be related to </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-USfont-family:Arial;font-size:12.0pt;color:#363636;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); ">Rev William McGregor, purportedly from a place called Glen Ossian in Scotland, one of a band of brothers – Bartlett, John, Andrew and Alexander. Kits 2726, 138485 and 7183 seem to have a common origin in the vicinity (that is, within 15 miles) of Perth and may have used Gregor as a surname for a period. Kits 153532, 164088 and N62107 are certainly related but I do not have any genealogical data for these. Finally on the chart the 3 results on the far left are quite separate in origin and belong to different haplogroups from R1b to which the bulk belong. The next chart cuts out some of the other results to show three of these distinct MacGregor groups more clearly.</span></span></span></span></div><!--StartFragment--> <!--EndFragment--> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;font-size:130%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:16px;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6VzB3V6UI/AAAAAAAAAKc/lU0dEkxKd1s/s1600-h/Perth+and+Ross+McGregors+plus+a+few.jpg+10.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 199px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6VzB3V6UI/AAAAAAAAAKc/lU0dEkxKd1s/s400/Perth+and+Ross+McGregors+plus+a+few.jpg+10.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421935705307081026" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b>CHART 4 - as Chart 3 but with some detail removed</b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b><br /></b></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6Vq60DRvI/AAAAAAAAAKU/_T9qEYFyErc/s1600-h/Gre(i)g(ory).jpg+5.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 199px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6Vq60DRvI/AAAAAAAAAKU/_T9qEYFyErc/s400/Gre(i)g(ory).jpg+5.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421935565975275250" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b>CHART 5 </b> - <!--StartFragment--><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman';color:black;"><b>Gregor, Grigor, Gregory, Greig, Gregg or Gragg.</b></span><!--EndFragment--><b> </b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b> <!--StartFragment--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-USfont-family:Arial;font-size:12.0pt;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">This chart lists all participants (at 37 markers) called Gregor, Grigor, Gregory, Greig, Gregg or Gragg. The code used is as following: numbers only = Gregory; Gr = Gregor or Grigor; E = Gregg; EIG = Greig; A = Gragg. The letter N is a Family Tree DNA kit designation and has no significance. The most striking part of the chart is the collection of Gregories at the very bottom who are certainly from a common and quite recent ancestor. The program suggests that there may be some connection between Gregory 81125 and the Greig and Gregg results beneath – the time distance involved here could be as much as 500 years from the original split. Apart from these, other potentially related groups can be seen working clockwise round the chart. The two Greggs 130191 and 6979 are definitely related as are 110496 and 137236; the Graggs 81282 and 158127; the Greigs 64662 and 45360. There is a potential genetic relationship between Greig 9690 and Grigor 131056. Further information on many of these families can be found in the Gregg and Gregory DNA projects, and also some genealogies at:</span></span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-USfont-family:Arial;font-size:12.0pt;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"></span><a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/MacGregor/default.aspx?section=results"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">http://www.familytreedna.com/public/MacGregor/default.aspx?section=results</span></a></span><!--EndFragment--><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></b></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6VkGqiuWI/AAAAAAAAAKM/OKCbzw1-lGA/s1600-h/Irish+37s.jpg+6.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 199px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6VkGqiuWI/AAAAAAAAAKM/OKCbzw1-lGA/s400/Irish+37s.jpg+6.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421935448897534306" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b>CHART 6 - Irish DNA group (does not include 'Irish' McAdams)</b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-weight: bold; font-size:small;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:Cambria;mso-bidi- mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-USfont-family:Arial;font-size:12.0pt;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;">This chart contains all the specifically Irish DNA (37 marker) results which are characterized by, in the first 12 markers, a 25 at marker 2, 11,13 at markers 4 and 5, and 14 at marker 11 though not all results will have all these mutations. The Irish results show a strong similarity to each other indicating a common ancestry in prehistory, but in more recent times the Greers (however spelt) seem to have common ancestor of that name, possibly linking with the Griersons 7874 and 94757. Again 2124 MacGregor is included for reference. White 120077, Skinner 57893 and McGregor 35727 are also more distantly related genetically. Compare this chart with the next which lists only Griers (however spelt) and Griersons – all results, and genetically Irish McGregors. The key for this is M = McGregor; S = Grierson; all others are Greer/Grier.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"> </span> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6VekDoZEI/AAAAAAAAAKE/sokB2XYU6UQ/s1600-h/Irish+and+R1a+version+2.jpg+15.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 198px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6VekDoZEI/AAAAAAAAAKE/sokB2XYU6UQ/s400/Irish+and+R1a+version+2.jpg+15.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421935353708176450" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b>CHART 7 - 'Irish' results on 67 markers</b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">This chart has the Irish based 67 marker results and shows two discrete groups all having common point of origin and indicating the close genetic ties of the Griers etc. Also on this chart are the Orrs – one in the Irish group and the rest a separate haplogroup R1a, who might also have their genetic origins in the Viking invasion of Ireland but who certainly have Irish connections at the present time.</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-weight: normal;font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> </b></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6VPMNhmaI/AAAAAAAAAJ8/O987IzSiJ_M/s1600-h/All+Griers+revised+17.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 199px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6VPMNhmaI/AAAAAAAAAJ8/O987IzSiJ_M/s400/All+Griers+revised+17.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421935089609185698" /></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">CHART 8 - Grier(son) groups - different genetic origins</span></b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Again this is 37 marker results. The Grier/Grierson group on the right seem to share a common ancestor within the time of surnames; the Grier/Greer group in the middle has a separate origin and one might conjecture that these are the Griers of S.W. Scotland – connected to the Griersons of Lag. At the far left is a mostly very strongly related Viking group of Griers, and again these might be conjectured to have descended from a Viking settler in East Ireland.</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-weight: normal;font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> </b></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6VHPeNK_I/AAAAAAAAAJ0/6NP1L0ZoSIU/s1600-h/McAdams+Magruder+and+various.jpg+8.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 199px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6VHPeNK_I/AAAAAAAAAJ0/6NP1L0ZoSIU/s400/McAdams+Magruder+and+various.jpg+8.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421934953045502962" /></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">CHART 9 - Magruder, McNie, McAdam and participants in the 'unattached' R1b group</span></b></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">This chart shows McAdam, Magruder, McNies and other participants whose results are listed at the FtDNA results page unattached to any specific group (37 markers). From this chart we can see that there are various groups of McAdams suggesting different origins: 83205 and 82874; 12683, possibly, with 5237, 76324, 144894, 16568, and 71022 (note this is a genetically Irish group); 54141 with 8857; 3714 with Thorn 48842. According to the groupings all other McAdams are singles or more genetically distant. The two McNies are related 66228 and 165873; the two Smiths 35819 and 32132; the Stalling(s) 21898 and 151153. All the Magruders are related 61472, 141702, 141700, 46179. MacGregor 2124 is again included for reference. </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-weight: normal;font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> </b></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6VAZItELI/AAAAAAAAAJs/x9yVM10SEW4/s1600-h/MacGregor+37+no+2+complete.jpg+7.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 199px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6VAZItELI/AAAAAAAAAJs/x9yVM10SEW4/s400/MacGregor+37+no+2+complete.jpg+7.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421934835380588722" /></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">CHART 10 - MacGregor 'bloodline' on 37 marker</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">s</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">This chart contains all the MacGregor bloodline results with 37 markers. Some of the groupings are revealing as will be seen. The key for this is S = Stirling G = Gregory; Macp = Macpherson; C = Campbell; McNa = McNab; J = Jamieson; Ba = Bain; D = Drummond, McF = McFarland. All others are MacGregor however spelt. Kit 2124 is marked with an MM in front.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> </span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6UzN0-MVI/AAAAAAAAAJk/zOrwBd2rb8Y/s1600-h/Sept+or+like+revised+12a.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 199px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6UzN0-MVI/AAAAAAAAAJk/zOrwBd2rb8Y/s400/Sept+or+like+revised+12a.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421934609006735698" /></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">CHART 11 - Sept or like names grouping (37 marker</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">s</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">)</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">This chart has all those who are listed in the group ‘Sept or like names’ with 37 markers. Kit 2124 is included for reference and interestingly there is a group of Stirlings with similar DNA to 2124 – but this group of Stirling are quite distant from the earlier group of Stirlings whose ancestor is Robert MacGregor alias Stirling. The Turks are all closely related as are all those at the bottom of the chart whose name is McGhie (however spelt) (and Welcher). Although there are Magees with the typically Irish signature, this group do not have that DNA signature and may be Scottish in origin.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></p> <!--EndFragment--> </span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6UsWIrpEI/AAAAAAAAAJc/ZEcyUYN6Fw8/s1600-h/Viking+groups.jpg+13.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 199px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6UsWIrpEI/AAAAAAAAAJc/ZEcyUYN6Fw8/s400/Viking+groups.jpg+13.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421934490977805378" /></a><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Chart 12a - 'Viking' groups on 37 markers</span></b><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6UQPWlKDI/AAAAAAAAAJU/4SI_favbaVg/s1600-h/Vikings+and+other.jpg+16.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 198px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/Sz6UQPWlKDI/AAAAAAAAAJU/4SI_favbaVg/s400/Vikings+and+other.jpg+16.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421934008120715314" /></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" font-weight: bold; font-size:small;">Chart 12b - 'Viking' groups on 67 markers</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><b> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">These two charts show the Viking-related genetic results from the project, the first chart with 37 markers and the second, those of the group who have increased to 67 markers. There are two separate genetic groups: those on the left are I2 and those on the right I1. The testing company Ethnoancestry (www.ethnoancestry.com) says the following about each group:</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;font-size:16.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">‘Haplogroup I1(*) </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;font-size:16.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">is an indigenous European group and is hypothesised to have spread out from the Iberian refugium after the last glacial maximum 18,000 years ago. I1 reaches its highest frequency in Scandinavia and has a decreasing gradient in frequency to the East and to the South and West. I1 is relatively common in the British Isles, having been taken there by Norse and Danish Vikings as well as Anglo-Saxons’.</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi- font-family:Arial;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">‘</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;font-size:16.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Haplogroup I2a(*)</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;font-size:16.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> appears to have originated in the Balkans, perhaps from a glacial refugium there; I2a is very common in Croatia and Bosnia today and decreases in frequency across Eastern Europe. A rare offshoot branch of I2a is also found further West, including in the British Isles’.</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;font-size:16.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">‘Haplogroup I2b(*)</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana;font-size:16.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> appears to have originated near modern day Germany, where it reaches it peak frequency. I2b is found spread across a broad area of NW Europe including the British Isles, where it has been brought by numerous historical migrations’.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Lucida Grande"font-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">For note – apart from the above results the following participants have different predicted haplogroups: Kammer R1a1; Seuch R1a; Westran R1a1; Bennett N6998 J2; Stivadoros G</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Lucida Grande"font-family:";"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></span></o:p></span></p> <span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">If there are any comments or questions about this update please address them to me: richardmcgregor1ATyahoo.co.uk</span></span></span><!--EndFragment--> </b></span></div>MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-80938645136782492422009-01-02T18:05:00.009+00:002009-05-13T12:10:41.741+01:00Winter 2008-09 Update <br /><br />Welcome to the MacGregor DNA update for winter 2008-9. The project now has over 370 members and the list of names associated with the project is large, containing a significant number of the sept names and aliases associated with the clan. The results, grouped according to significant names or groups of related names, can be found at <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor">www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor</a>.<br /><br />In previous updates, I have used drawing programs to illustrate ways in which the results can be interpreted in relation to each other, but there are now so many results that these diagrams become exceedingly difficult to read and I have therefore broken the results down into smaller units. Consequently, I am going to concentrate first on some broad conclusions which we might tentatively draw from the results. Then, I will consider how the different subgroups relate to each other. Finally, I will focus on particular subgroups and give some indication of what seems to be the relationship of individual members to one another.<br /><br />From the results page (see link above), the largest group of MacGregors belong to what I have termed the Ian Cam group. This refers to Ian Cam MacGregor (Cam means blind in one eye), the first recorded MacGregor in the historical record. His death in 1390 is recorded in the ‘Chronicle of Fortingall.’ He is the earliest known ancestor of the current Chief and of many MacGregors who share his DNA signature.<br /><br />This does not mean that all MacGregors have the same genetic signature; over time, mutations occur as a result of ‘mistakes’ in the copying of DNA from father to son. It has been speculated that the chance of mutation is increased according to environment, age of the father, and/or location of the child in the sequence of offspring. But none of these factors has been definitely proved. It is said mutations have no significant effect on the individual, but they do allow researchers to speculate, for example, on groupings of families. Also, all people named MacGregor or Black or Grier are not related to each other within the period covered by surnames. Surnames, even MacGregor, are adopted by individuals for many different reasons (e.g. inheritance, protection, illegitimacy, etc.).<br /><br /><strong>General Conclusions</strong><br /><br />In this project there are three predominant groups which are designated under the labels R1a, R1b, and I. These are known as haplogroups. For the most part these are quite distinct. They are thought to have originated in different parts of Europe where people concentrated during the last Ice Age and as the ice melted they subsequently pushed northwards from where they had been located (see map 1).<br /><br /><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc5BQM3PEI/AAAAAAAAA7A/WJZdOo-wCag/s1600-h/Map1.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298266180316249154" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 284px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc5BQM3PEI/AAAAAAAAA7A/WJZdOo-wCag/s400/Map1.jpg" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Map 1 - Haplogroup Migration (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br />Haplogroup R1a, as shown above, is assumed to have originated in the Caucuses, going northwards first then later westwards to enter Britain and Ireland, probably through Anglo Saxon or Viking incursions.<br /><br />Haplogroup I is predicted to have originated in the Balkans and it is dominant as a haplogroup in Scandinavia and Denmark.<br /><br />Haplogroup R1b followed the Atlantic Coast (and hence the designation Atlantic Modal Haplotype) and eventually spread out to be the dominant group in the whole of western Europe. According to Stephen Oppenheimer in The Tribes of Britain, there were two main emigrations and, in essence, these conform broadly to the haplogroup who retained the DNA marker score of 11 on allele DYS391 on the one hand, and the haplogroup who have a mutated position 10 at the same point, on the other.<br /><br />How do we know which haplogroup is which from the DNA results? The answer to this, and scientists may wish to stop reading at this point, is that they can be predicted on the basis of previously known results. Scientists would assert that you can’t be absolutely sure unless you test the sample through the relevant processes. However, it seems logical to expect that those who share the same basic DNA profile would belong to the same haplogroup. It’s only at the edges of haplogroups that the results become ‘fuzzy.’<br /><br /><strong>Specific Haplogroups</strong><br /><br />We’ll look first at the Viking I haplogroup as this, not surprisingly, has rather fewer members than the R1b haplogroup. It is not unlikely that the members of this haplogroup have ancestors who settled on the western coast or islands of Scotland or, where there is known Irish ancestry, probably from those Vikings who settled in the east coast of Ireland.<br /><br />I have taken results for 25 (see Chart 1), 37 (see Chart 2), and 67 ‘markers’ (see Chart 3) for this haplogroup and the charts are given below. Since progressively less members of the project have had the 37 and 67 marker tests done, the number of individuals in the charts decreases. I have laid out the charts in the same orientation for each set of markers. The numbers refer to the kit number of the participant. Precise details for each kit number are found at the <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/macgregor" target="_blank">Family Tree DNA web site</a>.<br /><br /><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc4_4AnXBI/AAAAAAAAA64/zxGH3wTF1xc/s1600-h/Chart1_Viking25.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298266156642556946" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 189px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc4_4AnXBI/AAAAAAAAA64/zxGH3wTF1xc/s400/Chart1_Viking25.jpg" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><strong>Chart 1 - Viking 1: 25 Markers (click to enlarge)</strong></span><br /><br /><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc49gNb-zI/AAAAAAAAA6w/sLIv4XYgvtU/s1600-h/Chart2_Viking37.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298266115894147890" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 189px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc49gNb-zI/AAAAAAAAA6w/sLIv4XYgvtU/s400/Chart2_Viking37.jpg" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 2 - Viking 1: 37 Markers (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br /><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc4lE4B5bI/AAAAAAAAA6o/VuGxazT3M78/s1600-h/Chart3_Viking67.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298265696239740338" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 189px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc4lE4B5bI/AAAAAAAAA6o/VuGxazT3M78/s400/Chart3_Viking67.jpg" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 3 - Viking 1: 67 Markers (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br />In all cases it is quite clear that there are two separate groups. One way of interpreting this is that they belong to separate invasion groups, a) Norwegian/Swedish based and b) Denmark/Frisian based. The Viking names include Grier/Greer, a MacGregor alias but, there is also a group of Grier/Greer in the R1b group so this might indicate either separate origins or, the intrusion of a Viking male line into the Grier line where the child has retained the mother’s surname.<br /><br />The second haplogroup, R1a, is almost exclusively borne by the main Orr family in the project. As I have written before, almost all the Orrs in the project appear to descend from the same individual, possibly originating in Ireland (at least from the time of the Viking invasions). Only one other individual (named Westran) is in this group. The 67 marker results for these will be seen in the next diagram.<br /><br />The haplogroup R1b is by far the largest in the MacGregor project. There are three distinct sub groups within it.<br /><ul><li>Those who have a DNA signature with 11 at DYS 391 and conform to the ‘Atlantic Modal Haplotype’</li><li>Those who have a DNA signature with 11 at DYS391 and are almost certainly indigenous to Ireland. This group includes Irish McGregors/Grier/Grierson (you may see this DNA sequence referred to as the ‘Irish Modal Haplotype’)</li><li>Those who have a DNA signature with 10 at DYS391This group includes the main line MacGregor </li></ul>The chart below shows the R1a and R1b groups in relation to each other (note the single Gregory result (E1b) is included, showing that this one is an isolate and has a completely different origin). MacGregor refers to the principal MacGregor DNA profile (see Chart 4). This chart is based on 67 marker results.<br /><br /><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc4k6OJFuI/AAAAAAAAA6g/DftjI2mElBE/s1600-h/Chart4_R1-annotated.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298265693379696354" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 189px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc4k6OJFuI/AAAAAAAAA6g/DftjI2mElBE/s400/Chart4_R1-annotated.jpg" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 4 - Relation of R1a and R1b Groups (click to enlarge)<br /></span></strong><br />To show this in more simplified form, I have taken one individual from each sub-group who is as near to the modal result (effectively the average) as I can find, and plotted them on a chart (see Chart 5).<br /><br /><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc4k8doM2I/AAAAAAAAA6Y/wHpcYJcT5qA/s1600-h/Chart5_4groups.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298265693981520738" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 189px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc4k8doM2I/AAAAAAAAA6Y/wHpcYJcT5qA/s400/Chart5_4groups.jpg" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><strong>Chart 5 - Simplified Relation of R1b Groups (click to enlarge)</strong><br /></span><br />Kit 2124 is the line of the Chiefs of Clan Gregor and this chart gives some idea of the distances in genetic time involved. On the left is the main MacGregor line compared with a representative of the DYS391=10 group. On the right the Irish group compared with a representative of the DYS=11 Atlantic Modal Haplotype group. The larger time distances could be as much as 10,000 years. Genetically these groups are very distinct.<br /><br />We’ll look at each of these in turn, beginning with the Irish sub-group based on 37 marker results (Chart 6).<br /><br /><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc4k1V6Y7I/AAAAAAAAA6Q/j7tGoo04rpw/s1600-h/Chart6_Irish.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298265692070110130" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 189px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc4k1V6Y7I/AAAAAAAAA6Q/j7tGoo04rpw/s400/Chart6_Irish.jpg" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 6 - Irish Sub-group (click to enlarge)</span><br /></strong><br />What this shows is that all the Irish R1b examples come from the same ancestor in the distant past but that in more recent times the Grier/Greer/Griersons appear to have a common ancestry, as do the McAdams with the interesting possible inclusion of a White. It is hard to explain why some branches of this tree seem to have mutated more than others – except that DNA mutations are essentially random.<br /><br />Next, we move to the group who have a marker score of 11 at DYS391. Most of these will be descended from the original group of post Ice Age settlers (Oppenheimer’s first group) although, because DNA mutations are random, it is possible that one or two of this group originally had DYS391=10 and this DNA marker has mutated to DYS391=11 over the course of ten thousand years. There is no way to verify this. These results are based on 37 marker results (see Chart 7).<br /><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc4kkThRhI/AAAAAAAAA6I/1DWyUVZR8uw/s1600-h/Chart7_11Atlantic.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298265687496672786" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 189px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc4kkThRhI/AAAAAAAAA6I/1DWyUVZR8uw/s400/Chart7_11Atlantic.jpg" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><strong>Chart 7 - DYS391=11 Marker (click to enlarge)</strong></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:100%;">The time distances here are too long to suggest that many of these people are related within the time frame of surnames (from about 1300 on) except for Greggs 6979 and 130191 (and possibly Gardner as well), McAdams 8857 and 54141, McAdams 83205, and McAdam 82874 (from a different ancestor than the first group of McAdams) and McGregors 137093, 29834, 84081, 126138, and possibly McAdams 12683. The McGregors at least appear to share a common (not main line MacGregor) ancestor in Rosshire or thereabouts (these may originally have been calling themselves ‘Gregor’ and not MacGregor).</span><br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><br />Chart 8 presents all those who have DYS391=10 and, as above, one or two of these could have had a more recent mutation from DYS391=11, but there is no way of identifying them.<br /><br /></span><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc30gg1buI/AAAAAAAAA6A/gpliX5F5ai0/s1600-h/Chart8_10s.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298264861845057250" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 189px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc30gg1buI/AAAAAAAAA6A/gpliX5F5ai0/s400/Chart8_10s.jpg" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 8 - DYS391=10 Marker (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br />Again, most of the individuals in this chart are not related to each other within the timeframe of surnames with the following probable exceptions: McGregors 7183, 2726, and 27811 whom I have previously speculated were Gregors in the vicinity of Perth. If 28296 is indeed part of this group, as the program suggests, then the connection is very old – and is probably heavily influenced in the programs’ calculations by the occurrence of a marker score of 12 at DYS460. Kits 121543 and 130108 are related and there is the possibility of a Gow related to these which may give a clue to where to look for this group – almost certainly in Perthshire. For Greig 9690 and Grigor 131056 there is a possibility that these represent a very early ancestor in the northern counties of Scotland (Aberdeenshire or Banffshire). Gregory 36006 looks as though it belongs to this group but, according to the genealogy notes, this line goes back to 1390 in Leicestershire so even though there are some similarities in the DNA results, a connection seems unlikely. Presumably increasing the DNA markers out to 67 would separate these out more. The Turks 21757 and 11655 are closely related, as are the Magruders 61472 and 46179, the Greers 35624, 10589, and 68070, and the MeGehee/Mackgahye/McGhies 19870, 74970, 51942, and Mackgehee 121911.<br /><br />Finally we come to the main branch of MacGregors. The following chart, which is for 37 marker results, also includes some results which are ambiguous but suggest some kind of relationship to the main MacGregor group. This is particularly true of the Stirling results 13635, 16710, and 13678 (Stirling sub-group 1). These are not the same as the group which includes 13621, 38027, 58653, 9290, and 99443 (Stirling sub-group 2) who are known/assumed to descend from a MacGregor and who took the alias Stirling at the time of proscription of the name or soon after. Stirling 28834 has the distinctive mutation of 16 at marker DYS576, but has two more mutations which have caused the program to reallocate his position in the chart. It is difficult to explain why this one line acquired other mutations other than by random processes, unless the connection is earlier in time than expected. The sub-group 1 of Stirlings seems to be a much earlier split, possibly dating to the early Middle Ages (see Chart 9).<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SY4nbq3C8yI/AAAAAAAAAIw/_ADsOJ4tEkQ/s1600-h/MacGregor+37+revised.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 189px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SY4nbq3C8yI/AAAAAAAAAIw/_ADsOJ4tEkQ/s400/MacGregor+37+revised.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5300217167776772898" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 9 - MacGregor, 37 Markers (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br />Chart 10 is the same but without the ambiguous results.<div>Please note in the following charts 99999_MacF should read 120820_MacF(arland)<br /><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 238); text-decoration: underline;"> </span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SY4nr3wXOJI/AAAAAAAAAI4/vx-PF8HZzq4/s1600-h/MacGregor+37+unamb.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 206px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SY4nr3wXOJI/AAAAAAAAAI4/vx-PF8HZzq4/s400/MacGregor+37+unamb.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5300217446116309138" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 10 - MacGregor, 37 Markers without ambiguous results (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br />In general, close branching suggests possible family links, though it has to be remembered that the programs used calculate on the basis of numerical similarities NOT of known relationships. For this reason it is a good idea to increase the number of markers to 67 so that the random mutations might be less significant between related groups of families. The star-like cluster of these results is entirely what would be expected from DNA results derived from a common ancestor and because Chart 10 is for the MacGregor bloodline, only the length of the lines is relative; no matter what the length of the line in Chart 10, the descent is from the common ancestor Ian Cam MacGregor or the eponymous Gregor who may have been Ian Cam’s father if the genealogies are correct. Once other results are included, as in Chart 4 above, the relative length of these lines diminishes.<br /><br />Chart 11 is the chart of current 67 results for the MacGregor main group.<br /><br /><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc30MhWe1I/AAAAAAAAA5o/ZUA8fUc1HX4/s1600-h/Chart11_67wo-modal.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298264856478514002" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 189px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc30MhWe1I/AAAAAAAAA5o/ZUA8fUc1HX4/s400/Chart11_67wo-modal.jpg" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 11 - MacGregor, 67 Markers (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br />On the basis of this chart, it is suggested that individuals might wish to compare genealogies if they occupy the same branches as others. While family connections are not guaranteed there is a much greater likelihood of these existing where such branch connections are suggested.<br /><br />Finally, for those who are interested in the internal relationship between groups, Chart 12 gives the 67 marker results for all those who have DYS391=10.<br /><br /><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc30NO92PI/AAAAAAAAA5g/nXJdacLGgjo/s1600-h/Chart12_all+10s67.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298264856669837554" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 189px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_TrPHsePy-YA/SYc30NO92PI/AAAAAAAAA5g/nXJdacLGgjo/s400/Chart12_all+10s67.jpg" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 12 - DYS391=10, 67 Markers (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br />Members of the project who have not yet submitted genealogies or who need to update their genealogies, can contact me at richardmcgregor1 AT yahoo.co.uk (substituting the usual sign for the word ‘at’).<br /><br />Professor Richard McGregor<br />MacGregor DNA Project Administrator<br />Chairman of the <a href="http://www.clangregor,org/">Clan Gregor Society<br /></a>December 2008<strong></strong></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-61566728778064759902008-01-02T19:24:00.024+00:002009-02-04T17:27:34.533+00:00Where are we now? Update #8<em><span style="font-size:130%;">Interpreting the results in relation to the current state of knowledge.<br /></span></em><br />This is the MacGregor DNA Project update for January 2007 to January 2008. The January 2007 update is still the most comprehensive survey and summary of the various groupings in the project. New entrants to the project have their results pulled very quickly, where relevant, into the appropriate family grouping displayed at the website <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/MacGregor">www.familytreedna.com/public/MacGregor</a>.<br /><br />I suggest that the best way to read this update is to print it out into hard copy and also download the charts separately into your documents folder and then open them using a program which you use for viewing pictures. This will enable you to blow them up larger and make reading the numbers and labels much easier.<br /><br /><strong>Please send in your family information</strong><br /><br />What would be helpful at this stage would be for the Project Administrator to receive more information from more recent participants regarding their earliest known male ancestor and his family/location because this information is beginning to help identify geographical localities where related families were living.<br /><br />By way of example, it would be possible to point out the, by now well-known, instance of the Irish group of results which appear to have some connection with the Irish kingly line of Niall of the 9 Hostages, and to which some McGregors, Griersons and Griers (as well as others) belong. Also, I have previously referred to a group of McGregors who seem to have changed their name from Gregor but who, for the most part, have connections with the area round Perth itself, rather than with the main MacGregor line. During the past year a similar grouping has emerged based round Rosshire where, incidentally, the surname Gregor or Grigor is found in relatively high proportions.<br /><br /><strong>Groupings of MacGregors and related names</strong><br /><br />This update then concentrates on presenting various groupings of MacGregors and related names using both 37 markers and 67 markers. Unlike previous updates I have chosen not to include the Excel files of results because the Family Tree DNA site mentioned earlier is easily viewable, and the Excel grid from that site is downloadable to one’s own computer. Also I am now drawing the trees in a program called ‘Splitstree’, which once mastered, proves to be highly flexible for this kind of work.<br /><br />A word of caution though; these trees should not be thought of as traditional family trees as such. What they measure is relative distance in time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor and this is expressed in the charts as the ‘modal’. However, because we are here talking about everyone being descended from an individual at some point in the past you will also find that a number of trees are given with ‘root’. This root may be less than a thousand years before the present for some groups but for other groups – like the collection of 67 marker results which is shown for the R1b haplogroup – the root individual will be several thousand years BP (Before Present) – even as long ago as the last Ice Age, 12,000 years or more ago. It is important to recognise this, and each chart is preceded by an explanation which hopefully clarifies it. The initial processing was done using the <a href="http://www.blogger.com/www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html">facility provided online by Dean McGee</a> with the ‘Phylip’ option selected and then the resulting file processed by the Splitstree program. (See D.H. Huson and D. Bryant, ‘Application of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies’, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23(2):254-267, 2006).<br /><br />As an example to begin with, I present the collection of individuals surnamed Orr who have tested up to 37 markers [see chart 1]. With two exceptions (not included here) who are from haplogroup R1b, everyone in the Orr group is from haplogroup R1a, a haplogroup that emerged pre-Ice Age in, or about, the Caucuses in the furthest reaches of what is now Europe. Current thinking is that its spread was upwards and westwards for the most part and the haplogroup is now found in many areas including Britain and Ireland.<br /><br />What we see in this chart is that everyone descends from one individual – and there is one person whose DNA has not mutated very much from the ‘modal’ (kit 100854) – the assumed DNA sequence of the founder. It would be interesting to know if this individual knows anything of his patrilinear descent. In the MacGregor bloodline group the main line from which the Chiefs descend IS the ‘modal’ line (that is, the presumed signature of the founder) and this may have happened, possibly, because of primogeniture (first child of first child, and so on).<br /><br /><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhvVvnnUrI/AAAAAAAAAD4/0NmTkXC0Y1E/s1600-h/12008-chart1.gif"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298607380951945906" style="WIDTH: 400px; HEIGHT: 217px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhvVvnnUrI/AAAAAAAAAD4/0NmTkXC0Y1E/s400/12008-chart1.gif" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><strong>Chart 1 - Surname Orr: 37 Markers (click to enlarge)</strong><br /><strong></strong></span><br />The second group to consider is that associated with the Irish DNA signature, widely believed to have some connection with the line of the Kings of Ireland – Niall of the 9 Hostages (circa 379 CE). What is interesting here is how the program groups individuals by distance suggesting that they may indeed share a common ancestor pre-surname adoption. This tree is based on 67 markers [see chart 2].<br /><br /><div><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhvVUZKlkI/AAAAAAAAADw/eBkPyEI0BGs/s1600-h/12008-chart2.gif"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298607373643585090" style="WIDTH: 400px; HEIGHT: 173px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhvVUZKlkI/AAAAAAAAADw/eBkPyEI0BGs/s400/12008-chart2.gif" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 2 - Irish: 67 markers (click to enlarge) </span></strong><br />It may be that this alternative form of tree [see chart 3] is easier to interpret – as long as it is remembered that it is not meant to suggest a family tree as such.<br /><br /><img height="338" src="http://www.clangregor.org/macgregor/images/12008-chart3.gif" width="211" border="1" /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 3 - Connection Tree</span></strong><br /><br />Clearly what is very interesting here is the fact that the Griersons and the Griers are obviously grouped together. Also potentially revealing is the connection between McGregor and McGreer and McGregor and Gregg.<br /><br />I come now to the main MacGregor line (67 markers) – what we have termed the bloodline, though, as suggested earlier it may be the biggest group of MacGregors but, apparently not the only one [see chart 4]!<br /><br /><div><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhu15lplKI/AAAAAAAAADo/28SBE5ujDK8/s1600-h/12008-chart4.gif"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298606833872245922" style="WIDTH: 400px; HEIGHT: 263px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhu15lplKI/AAAAAAAAADo/28SBE5ujDK8/s400/12008-chart4.gif" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><strong>Chart 4 - Main MacGregor Line: 67 Markers (click to enlarge) </strong></span><br /><br />What is suggested by this is a potentially fruitful line of enquiry which may lead to the recognition of family groupings – see the known example of the Stirlings. One correction might be made here – kit 2909 and 2124 suggest separate lines but they could indeed from the same family grouping with some, very limited, mutation having taken place in 2909’s case.<br /><br />The tree below gives all the 37 marker results currently available for those in the MacGregor bloodline [see chart 5]. Mark MacDonald, of <a href="http://dna-project.clan-donald-usa.org/">The Clan Donald DNA Project</a>, has suggested that the main MacGregor line (and other clans, too) is descended from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colla_Uais">Colla Uais</a> (circa 323 CE), one of the High Kings of Ireland who brought his men over from Ulster during the Dark Ages to occupy Dalriada . If he is right, then this could explain the motto ‘<em>Royal is my Race</em>’ (rather than, or as well as, descent from Kenneth MacAlpine). It is important to note that the Irish McGregor descent from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niall_of_the_Nine_Hostages">Niall of the 9 Hostages</a>, another Irish High King, is NOT the same as Colla Uais descent. These two Irish-based Kings lines only share a common ancestor at the time of the Ice Age (see Stephen Oppenheimer’s [2006] <em>The Origins of the British - A Genetic Detective Story</em>, Constable and Robinson, London ISBN 1- 84529-158-1, published in the U.S. by Carroll and Graf, New York). However, it does mean that whether the MacGregor descent is from Colla Uais or from Niall of the 9 Hostages, both groups of MacGregors can claim ‘<em>Royal is my Race’</em>!<br /><br /><div><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhu1l15sgI/AAAAAAAAADg/7OCy_U89MFQ/s1600-h/12008-chart5.gif"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298606828571701762" style="WIDTH: 400px; HEIGHT: 357px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhu1l15sgI/AAAAAAAAADg/7OCy_U89MFQ/s400/12008-chart5.gif" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 5 - Main MacGregor Line: 37 Markers (click to enlarge) </span></strong><br /><br />What this particular tree shows, when examined carefully, is that there are 3 distinct splits or perhaps better, points from where groups branch off. Towards the top of the picture is one group, and includes Bain N3589 and kit10897, and the lowest group includes 1774 which is believed to be the Glengyle branch of MacGregor. As more results come in it will be interesting to see whether these group collections are maintained. At this point it would be hard to assign any particular significance to the groupings since they are based, it will be recalled, on distance from common ancestor, although similarity of DNA marker score does determine which groups are connected.<br /><br />The next tree [see chart 6] contains all the DNA 67 marker results for the haplogroup R1b excluding bloodline MacGregors, but including 2124 the MacGregor bloodline, for purposes of comparison. As can be seen there are many branches. Of note is the split which includes the MacGregor bloodline (2124) as it groups with McWhannell and McKinlay and seems to be connected in some way to the Greig line of kit 9690.<br /><br /><div><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhu1vHPN9I/AAAAAAAAADY/mThBiParKJg/s1600-h/12008-chart6.gif"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298606831060334546" style="WIDTH: 400px; HEIGHT: 258px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhu1vHPN9I/AAAAAAAAADY/mThBiParKJg/s400/12008-chart6.gif" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 6 - Haplogroup R1b: 67 Markers (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br />Just to complete this short survey, I have abstracted all the Viking-related I haplogroup lines which have 37 marker results and the chart [CHART 7] shows very obviously that there are two groups of results here, possibly suggesting an older settlement of I haplogroup peoples or different invading groups (such as Norwegian and Danish). It would be instructive to find out if the individuals in these two groups are to be found in discrete geographical locations in Britain and Ireland. I have kept the box round the Greer at the bottom of the chart because its location is quite difficult to see otherwise.<br /><br /><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhwa19D9mI/AAAAAAAAAEA/GSbPP1amjtE/s1600-h/12008-chart7.gif"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298608568063489634" style="WIDTH: 400px; HEIGHT: 320px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhwa19D9mI/AAAAAAAAAEA/GSbPP1amjtE/s400/12008-chart7.gif" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 7 - Viking: 37 Markers (click to enlarge) </span></strong><br /><br />Finally, here is the equivalent tree, in two forms [see charts 8 and 9], for ALL the R1b results which are NOT from the Irish group descending from Niall of the 9 Hostages. The simplest way of seeing this tree is to click on the image for a full sized view. Alternatively, you can save it to your computer and open it with a graphics program that allows you to magnify the image. By this means you will be able to see the complexity of the groupings which are to be found in R1b even jut within the results for the MacGregor project. This demonstrates the incredible expansion this group experienced as it colonised the British Isles and, in fact, almost the whole of Western Europe after the Ice Age.<br /><br /><div><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhu1iwLbYI/AAAAAAAAADQ/2sRSiz0o8Nc/s1600-h/12008-chart8.gif"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298606827742391682" style="WIDTH: 400px; HEIGHT: 244px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhu1iwLbYI/AAAAAAAAADQ/2sRSiz0o8Nc/s400/12008-chart8.gif" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 8 - R1b Tree Excluding Irish 1 (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br />Group members can locate their numbers from the kit number just before the abbreviated name.<br /><br /><div><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhu1pgI-FI/AAAAAAAAADI/dHQGFYI2Jvw/s1600-h/12008-chart9.gif"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298606829554169938" style="WIDTH: 204px; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhu1pgI-FI/AAAAAAAAADI/dHQGFYI2Jvw/s400/12008-chart9.gif" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 9 - R1b Tree Excluding Irish 2 (click to enlarge)<br /></span></strong><br />Any further clarifications or genealogical information can be sent to the project administrator, Richard McGregor, using e-mail at richardmcgregor1 AT yahoo.co.uk (substitute the word AT for the @ symbol).<br /><br /><em>Richard McGregor</em></div><div><em>January 2008</em></div></div></div></div></div></div>MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-76744420021163018142007-12-06T16:37:00.002+00:002009-02-03T16:40:24.364+00:00Our DNA Project in the News<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhy-5VEB8I/AAAAAAAAAEI/g8XwzDHSAXQ/s1600-h/p&j-dna-newspaper1-article-12062007.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298611386468009922" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYhy-5VEB8I/AAAAAAAAAEI/g8XwzDHSAXQ/s400/p%26j-dna-newspaper1-article-12062007.jpg" border="0" /></a><br />(click to enlarge)MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-51378436236486916422007-06-10T13:31:00.002+01:002009-02-03T16:41:01.842+00:00DNA Testing Approved for CGS Membership ApplicationsTHE CLAN GREGOR SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND<br />Comunn Chloinn Ghriogair<br />Founded 1822 – Charity No. SCO 07391<br />Patron: Sir Malcolm MacGregor of MacGregor Bart<br /><br />Press release for immediate publication<br />June 10h 2007<br /><br />At the Council meeting held on Friday June 8th, 2007, the Clan Gregor Society of Scotland agreed that it will, from this point onwards, accept into full membership of the Society individuals with ANY surname who can show, through DNA testing, that they have a DNA signature which matches, at the accepted degrees of mutational difference, that of the main MacGregor DNA signature.<br /><br />Council has taken this decision in recognition of the fact that, as a result of Clan Gregor’s past turbulent history, individuals were required to assume names which were totally divorced from their actual clan name, and although such name changes were often documented at the time, others were not. The Clan Gregor Society Council recognises that the ancestors of some MacGregors chose not to return to the original clan name for a variety of reasons, and that advances in DNA testing now allows the descendants of such individuals to be identified as belonging to the clan.<br /><br />In taking this decision the Council is conscious that it is the first Clan Society to promote membership on the basis of a DNA signature and it is to be hoped that other clans will follow this lead.<br /><br /><em>Details</em><br /><br />The Clan Gregor Society will admit to full membership of the Society anyone who can show 23 markers out of 25, or, up to 31 (but normally 33) markers out of 37 in common with the main MacGregor DNA profile which is found as kit number 2124 on the Family Tree DNA public website for the Clan Gregor Project, and additionally, where marker DYS385a normally equals 10 (ten). We take this as the modal signature. For mutations this equates to a genetic distance of up to 6 (six) on 37 markers.<br /><br />The Clan Gregor Society also recognises that there is a separate Irish based DNA profile for M(a)cGregors which is distinct from the main M(a)cGregor profile, indicating a probable separate origin for the name. Council will therefore also admit to full membership on the basis of this DNA signature, again without relation to surname. The same broad restrictions apply as in the previous paragraph except that for this group the reference kit will be 4715 but with the following alterations: marker DYS464b will be considered as having a modal value of 16 and DYS460 to have a modal value of 11. For the moment the scores on CDY a and b will be discounted in determining the Irish signature and therefore the match which will be considered is up to 30 out of 35 (that is, a maximum genetic distance of 5).<br /><br />We believe that DNA testing now provides an extremely reliable tool for confirming surname-based descent based on analysis of the Y chromosome.<br /><br />Signed<br /><br />Professor Richard McGregor<br />Chairman<br />The Clan Gregor Society of Scotland.<br />10th June 2007MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-3618068947013667502007-01-04T06:33:00.000+00:002009-02-04T06:43:14.517+00:00Texts on DNA GeneticsIf you are interested in reading more about DNA, here is a list of articles and books currently available. I have added comments to help give an indication of the level of understanding required.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Articles on the Web</span><br /><br />There are a large number of articles freely downloadable on the web, far too many to list here. For general information try the ROOTSWEB site, DNA section (use <a href="http://www.google.com/">Google</a> or your favorite search engine to search on Rootsweb DNA, or try Roper’s DNA site (search on Roper DNA) or Kevin Duerinck’s site (search on Duerinck DNA). To see if there’s any projects on names in which you are interested simply search for SURNAME [the surname you are interested in] DNA.<br /><br />If you feel ready to try some of the more scientific papers, let’s say for Y chromosome, do a search for “Y chromosome DNA pdf”. To narrow your search for Y chromosome to a particular group, add that word to your search – for example “Celtic” or “Gaelic” or “Viking” (though you might get more with “Norwegian” and/or “Icelandic”). The articles you will find using this search will be in .pdf format and you will need the free <a href="http://www.adobe.com/">Adobe Acrobat</a> reader on your computer (many have it pre-installed but, in any case, it is freely downloadable).<br /><br />Most of these articles are actual scientific papers therefore, expect technical jargon. However, the discussion sections are usually quite accessible. For a list of interesting articles relevant to DNA, have a look at <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/">www.familytreeDNA.com</a> – there is a page on the site with useful articles.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Books</span><br /><br />Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, <span style="font-style: italic;">Genes, Peoples and Language</span>, London, Penguin Books 2000/2001 [like it says – quite general, maybe a bit repetitive]<br /><br />Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, Paolo Menozzi, Alberto Piazza, <span style="font-style: italic;">The History and Geography of Human Genes</span>, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1994 [NB the abridged version is 411 pages long – technical and not for the faint hearted – cost about £25 paperback]<br /><br />M.A. Jobling, M.E. Hurles, C. Tyler-Smith, <span style="font-style: italic;">Human Evolutionary Genetics</span>, Abingdon: Garland Science, 2004 [an undergraduate textbook but excellent on detail, if you can cope with the science]<br /><br />Martin Jones, <span style="font-style: italic;">The Molecule Hunt</span>, London, Penguin Books 2001/2002 [excellent introduction to all things DNA]<br /><br />Steve Jones, <span style="font-style: italic;">Y: The Descent of Men</span>, London: Abacus 2002 (the same author has written Genetics for Beginners, The Language of the Genes, In the Blood, Almost like a Whale, as well as co-authoring several others) [Robin McKie in The Observer described this book as ‘…a delicious romp through the biology of the human male’!]<br /><br />Steve Olsen, <span style="font-style: italic;">Mapping Human History</span>, London, Bloomsbury 2002 [covers the same ground as Oppenheimer]<br /><br />Stephen Oppenheimer, <span style="font-style: italic;">Out of Eden (The Peopling of the World)</span>, London, Constable 2003 (NB the same book has a different title in America) [Y chromosome and MtDNA: a very thorough and well presented survey but not one to start with]<br /><br />Stephen Oppenheimer, <span style="font-style: italic;">The Origins of the British</span>, London: Constable 2006<br /><br />Chris Pomery, <span style="font-style: italic;">DNA and Family History</span>, Richmond, Surrey: The National Archives, 2004 [a good starting point for learning about genealogy and DNA]<br /><br />Colin Renfrew and Katie Boyle, <span style="font-style: italic;">Archaeogenetics: DNA and the population prehistory of Europe</span>, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge 2000 (distributed by Oxbow Books, Oxford). [Variety of technical and non technical articles covering many European peoples as well as DNA aspects of plants and animals] [NB £40+]<br /><br />Julian Richards, <span style="font-style: italic;">Blood of the Vikings</span>, London, Hodder and Stoughton 2001/2002 [Y chromosome of the Vikings – but buy the paperback]<br /><br />John H. Relethford, <span style="font-style: italic;">Reflections of Our Past</span>, New York, Oxford: Westview Press 2003 [includes some discussion of other methods of analysis e.g. blood and has a section on Ireland]<br /><br />Alan Savin, <span style="font-style: italic;">DNA for Family Historians</span>, Alan Savin 2000, <a href="http://savin.org/">http://savin.org</a> [The first author to tackle the subject of Genealogy by DNA]<br /><br />Megan Smolenyak and Ann Turner, <span style="font-style: italic;">Trace Your Roots with DNA,</span> Rodale 2004 [the authors are very experienced in the whole area and write well]<br /><br />Alan Stewart, <span style="font-style: italic;">Tracing Scottish Ancestry on the Internet</span>, Chichester: St Richard’s Press 2004 [includes a section on DNA]<br /><br />Bryan Sykes (editor), <span style="font-style: italic;">The Human Inheritance</span>, Oxford, Oxford University Press 1999 [series of articles on archaeology, language and DNA of ancient origins]<br /><br />Bryan Sykes, <span style="font-style: italic;">The Seven Daughters of Eve</span>, London, Bantam Press 2001 [MtDNA]<br /><br />Bryan Sykes, <span style="font-style: italic;">Adam’s Curse</span>, London, Bantam Press 2003 [General discussion of Y chromosome]<br /><br />Bryan Sykes, <span style="font-style: italic;">Blood of the Isles</span>, London, Bantam Press 2006 [British Y chromosome]<br /><br />Spencer Wells, <span style="font-style: italic;">The Journey of Man</span>, London, Penguin Books 2002 [Y chromosome]<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Videos</span><br /><br />If you have the <a href="http://www.discovery.com/">Discovery Channel</a>, watch for repeats of "The Real Eve" (for mitochondrial DNA) and "The Journey of Man" for the Y chromosome.MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-30876715665902098772007-01-04T05:47:00.013+00:002009-02-04T16:09:14.971+00:00Where are we now? Update #7<span style="FONT-STYLE: italic">Interpreting the results in relation to the current state of knowledge.</span><br /><br />(We apologise for the delay in issuing this update while we waited for a number of 67 marker results to come back from the Lab.)<br /><br />During the past year, the Clan Gregor Project admitted its 200th member – a fine achievement for what is a relatively small clan. Now with 225 active participants, which makes us one of the largest clan groups, we have had a good number of citations in various journals.<br /><br /><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(0,51,0)">What Characterises the Clan Gregor Project?</span><br /><ol><li>We have tried to encourage adoption of the 37 marker test for identifying closer family relationships where this would be significant. As a result, we have an impressive array of results with benefits for both participants and larger scale studies trying to help sort out the ‘history and geography’ of genetic movement.</li><br /><li>We have encouraged some members to go further and have up to 67 markers tested. This has included what we believe to be the main MacGregor line and is beginning to help clarify the various sub families or ‘houses’ which form the MacGregor genealogy back into the Medieval period.</li><br /><li>Some of the MacGregors have undertaken SNP testing (of which more later) in an attempt to locate the likely geographical origins of the clan group (e.g. indigenous Scottish or Dalriadic Scots).</li></ol><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(0,51,0)">What have we found?</span><br /><br />In brief...<br /><ol><li>The MacGregors have predominantly one ancestor (the eponymous Gregor), but there is also a small unrelated Irish group includes Grierson and Grier, and who, it is believed, originate in the Irish kingly line of "Niall of the 9 Hostages."<br /></li><li>The aliases of Bain and Stirling were indeed originally MacGregor in certain families, and that the names have persisted to this day instead of MacGregor. Also, that at least one Campbell family is MacGregor, one Pressly, and one McNab.</li><br /><li>Some of the aliases – such as Grierson, Gregor, and Grier, have arisen. independently from MacGregor and in many cases the connection with the clan is by association not by blood.</li><br /><li>There are a number of MacGregors/McGregors whose ancestors adopted the name, through, no doubt having lived in the proximity of blood-related kin. However, some of these may be the result of non-paternity events which have had the effect of changing the DNA profile.</li><br /><li>There is a deeper ancestral connection which cannot really yet be satisfactorily explained – this group includes Magruder, Grieg, some Stirlings, some Gregorys, and possibly some McGehees. The connection here seems to be pre-surname adoption, but to lie within the period of the ‘Dark Ages’ during which clan affiliations were developing. </li></ol><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(0,51,0)">Why does DNA tell us this?</span><br /><br />It has to be understood that when a male is DNA tested for genealogical purposes, the test is applied only to the Y chromosome. The Y chromosome is what makes males male. A father passes on the Y chromosome to his son and the son to his son – and so on. Anyone who descends from the same father will have the same Y chromosome. So if 400 years ago a man had 4 sons, each of those sons would receive the Y chromosome of their father and then those four sons would pass that same Y chromosome on to their (let’s say) 4 sons and then those 4 to their 4. This is assuming that 4 sons have 4 sons each (just for the sake of argument) although we know that families rarely work in such an orderly way, and also that, especially in earlier times, children did not all survive.<br /><br />In this theoretical family there are:<br /><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298974118763260114" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 375px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 167px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYm84sbfaNI/AAAAAAAAAII/FGR4pgY83Vc/s400/2007-table.jpg" border="0" />Within a century, in this model, there would be 86 males all having the same Y chromosome DNA – except for small ‘copying’ errors which happen from time to time – these ‘copying’ errors being known as mutations. All these children should carry the same surname, unless they have been forced to adopt another surname as an alias, as happened to the MacGregors.<br /><br />Women do not receive the Y chromosome and therefore, have to find a male with the surname MacGregor or one of the related names to do the DNA test on their behalf.<br /><br />Women DO have DNA which can be tested. This is Mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) which they got from their mother and which they passed on to all their children (including males) but males are unable to pass it on.<br /><br />The update prior to this one explains what is revealed for each of the surnames found in the project, so it will not be repeated here. However, since then a number of individuals have had their DNA tested for 30 more markers. Most people in the group have had 25 or 37 markers tested but there are individuals who have had 67 markers tested, so a comment is needed about what has been found. The actual number scores can be found on the “Y Results” tab at <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/MacGregor">http://www.familytreedna.com/public/MacGregor</a>.<br /><br />Chart 1 shows the current level of results. Most of the results belong to the R1b haplogroup – the haplogroup associated with the repopulation of Europe after the ice age (see Oppenheimer 2006), and the most common of haplogroups in northern Europe – as is reflected in the Clan Gregor Project. The two other groups often found are firstly Haplogroup I which is generally interpreted as Viking (only two 67 results so far – McWhannell and Greer – but the group is well represented in the Clan Gregor project being easily distinguished by the markers scores 8,9,8 on the 14, 15th and 16th markers). Secondly, we find R1a which originated in the Caucuses, but in the Clan Gregor project only the Orrs have so far fallen into that group.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkwuD_c8cI/AAAAAAAAAH4/cassy9NHIhY/s1600-h/12007chart1.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298820004481659330" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 285px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkwuD_c8cI/AAAAAAAAAH4/cassy9NHIhY/s400/12007chart1.JPG" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Chart 1 - R1b Haplogroup (click to enlarge)</span></span><br /><br />Although all the participants in the R1b group are ultimately related (i.e. thousands of years ago in some cases), only those contained within the group which circles round 2124 MacGregor (probably including 12436 and 28296 but possibly not 46397 McWhannell) come, we believe from ‘Gregor.’ The DNA profiles, and thus the chart, suggest that those who have tested for 67 markers belong broadly to the same family group of MacGregors, though because of their mutations, separation of the family units may date from the time of the proscription, and possibly not earlier in some cases. Although the Gregorys in this chart are all related to each other, they are only distantly related to the MacGregors, almost certainly NOT in the period of surnames (that from the 14th century) but not too distantly; which throws up an interesting possibility of a more ancient origin for the ‘Gregor’ name. Gregor means "shepherd" and could literally be a "shepherd of sheep," but also, in the Biblical sense, "a shepherd" (as in Pope Gregory). The McGehees belong to a similar outlying group, not related from the 14th century, but closer in time that all the others shown in the upper part of the chart. Again, notice the aliases – there is clearly a MacGregor who became a McNab and one who became a Stirling.<br /><br />With the small number of 67 results, we are not showing members of the same family group as we do for the Gregorys. We would have expected more grouping round 2125, if, as believed, this is a Roro branch. It is likely that these groupings will develop as more 67 results are inputted. All the members of the R1b group at the top of the chart are unrelated to each other in the shorter time frame of surnames. We only have one 67 result for Orr – which is in haplogroup R1a – if this group all did 67 we would expect them to group together in a star shape like the main MacGregors showing family relatedness. The two members of the Viking group I are actually probably related to each other within a shorter time frame – possibly dating from 2000-1500 years ago.<br /><br />We are hoping that scientific estimates on 67 markers will eventually enable us to be somewhat more specific as to date of separation but this refinement is not currently available since it requires a large group of 67 results allied to known genealogies to make the time estimate more reliable. We would expect to have more information on that in due course from FtDNA.<br /><br />Chart 2 is not generated by the Clan Gregor Project, but is the current version of the R1b portion of the world haplogroups chart.<br /><br />We have worked with a company called Ethnoancestry to see if it might be possible to identify, more exactly, the geographical origin of the Clan Gregor DNA line working with SNPs (short tandem repeats).<br /><br />I am grateful to Bonnie Shrack for clarification of the difference between haplotype and haplogroup – and the significance of SNPs in the research. I include part of her e-mail to me on the subject to help understanding:<br /><br /><blockquote>...There are two completely different things, defining haplogroups, and describing haplotypes. The haplotypes are made up of different series of Short Tandem Repeats, listed by the DYS number of the site where the repeat occurs – as seen in, for example, your test scores from FtDNA. But they never, ever, have defined haplogroups.<br /><br />What happens is that scientists try to correlate the various haplotypes with haplogroups: we, all of us, are trying to figure out what haplogroup a particular haplotype probably belongs in. But having a certain haplotype can never guarantee a certain haplogroup. There are only correlations and probabilities.</blockquote>[Since Bonnie wrote this to me, several companies now are able to confirm haplogroup, including FtDNA who show a confirmed haplogroup in green on their results chart.]<br /><br /><blockquote>That's because Short Tandem Repeats, useful as they are for short-term genealogy, are not at all the thing to define a haplogroup, which is used instead for long-term questions: the migrations of ancient populations in human prehistory, thousands of years ago. So they are defined by something else – Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and other similar kinds of mutations, all of which come into the category of Unique Event Polymorphisms (UEPs). These kinds of mutations are very rare, and we presume that once they have happened, they are never reversed.</blockquote>At the moment, it has only been possible to confirm M269 on the chart for MacGregor – any mutation ‘downstream’ of that which ‘characterises’ MacGregors has not yet been found. However, the group which includes some Irish McGregors and others – those who are said to descent form Niall of the 9 Hostages – have been identified as lying in the subgroup M222, which is believed to be indigenous Irish, dating from the time when Ireland was first colonised, after the retreat of the ice (see Oppenheimer 2006).<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkygW_nvSI/AAAAAAAAAIA/NOieJ6VIqMk/s1600-h/12007chart2.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298821968087727394" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 292px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkygW_nvSI/AAAAAAAAAIA/NOieJ6VIqMk/s400/12007chart2.JPG" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold;font-size:85%;" >Chart 2 - World Haplogroups Chart: R1b (click to enlarge)</span><br /><br />If you are interested in further information, please go to <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/">http://www.familytreedna.com/</a> where there is a great deal of information about DNA and Genealogy. Instant updates – allied in many cases to information about the earliest ancestor of the participant will be found at <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/public/MacGregor">http://www.familytreedna.com/public/MacGregor</a> where there is also a map of the earliest known ancestor for most participants. Please wait for this to load as there is rather a lot of information because the Clan Gregor project is so big.<br /><br />The summary of the Clan Gregor Project, given the update previous to this one, still represents an accurate picture of what we know for each of the family groups identified.MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-33082315668504698142005-09-04T04:55:00.003+01:002009-02-04T05:44:29.171+00:00Where are we now? Update #6<span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Background to the Update</span><br /><br />This update has been done as the number of participants in the Clan Gregor DNA Project approaches 150. We have benefited form a change in Family Tree DNA’s group structuring arrangements whereby some members of the separate Gregory, Grier, and Stirling Projects have decided to have their results also shown on the Clan Gregor Project pages. We welcome these individuals and some of their earliest ancestry statements will appear in this report and in due course.<br /><br />As a result of the larger numbers involved in the project now, I have decided to try to make sense of the various groupings which seem to be developing, and to, at least confront some of the anomalies which seem to be emerging.<br /><br />This update uses the arrangement of results presented in Table 1 below. It is suggested that the easiest way to follow this is to actually print out Table 1 (in colour if possible) and refer to it directly when reading the following discussion.<br /><br />The Table has been colour coded. The colours in themselves have no significance but they are used to separate different family groups – sometimes these are quite small, single surname groups, or for larger grouping of different surnames which have some elements in common. Participants’ results are uniformly referred to by their kit number.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkZCNDttlI/AAAAAAAAAHg/4pcyoABFZ_Q/s1600-h/92005-table1.png"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 196px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkZCNDttlI/AAAAAAAAAHg/4pcyoABFZ_Q/s400/92005-table1.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298793962233771602" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Table 1 - Marker Comparison (click to enlarge)</span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Haplogroup Q</span><br /><br />At the beginning of the chart, we have one Bennett (15716). This DNA signature is normally associated with Native Americans (originating in East Asia) but a comment from Dr David Faux of Ethnoancestry is significant here. He says: 'I was given access to the skeleton findings of a Shetland database a while back and was astounded to learn that 8% of the sample were typed at haplogroup Q - the same percentage as haplogroup I. My first "Q" emerged recently in a participant with a patronymic surname...Clearly the distribution pattern points to a Norwegian source dating back to Viking times.'<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Eastern European Connection</span><br /><br />McGregor (5356) and the two brothers (7422 and 9338) belong to a DNA haplotype J2 that is found in Britain, but rarely. It is most common in Eastern European countries, leading to speculation that it is either from gypsy background or, possibly, from Eastern European soldiers stationed in Britain during the Roman occupation in the first three centuries AD. These two (or rather three) MacGregor results are more than likely too distant from each other to be from the same individual within the historic period. MacGregor (Horn (19304) is probably also part of this group but the DNA profile could also be I1b (which is possibly Scandinavian in origin). Only a haplogroup test would confirm this. Bennett N6998 is also almost certainly in the J haplogroup since the DNA signature is like kits 7422 and 9338 who have confirmed their haplogroup as J2.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">The Irish/Scottish Viking Group</span><br /><br />The group Magee (208290) to Nevins (2314) are quite closely related and are all from haplogroup I, the Viking haplogroup, specifically Norwegian (from the occurrence of the specific numbers). It is possible that these are descendants of the Viking kin group which settled in the Northwest Scotland/Isle of Man/East Ireland after the Viking invasions of the 9th century AD. Although the common ancestor of these individuals may be some time back, possibly two millennia – there is no question that the kin group was a very tight one – being all descended from a single individual and probably aware of their connections.<br /><br />The Grier/Greer subgroup (shaded in green) almost certainly represent descent from one individual of that name, with the possible exception of Greer 17630 who probably has too many DNA mutations (21 out of 25) to make him related directly to this group within the time of the adoption of surnames. To be definite about this, it would be necessary to see 37 marker results from this whole group. However, it is striking that an individual can have so many mutations more than others yet still be part of the surname group, derived from the common Viking ancestor. As we will see later with the Stirlings, this cannot easily be explained, except possibly through geographic proximity at the time of adoption of surnames.<br /><br />All those who have tested hereafter up to (but not including) Orr in Table 1 are from the haplogroup R1b – perhaps THE most frequently found male haplogroup in Europe. It is common across Spain, France, Germany, the Low Countries, Britain, and Ireland and, as I have written before, represents spread out after the last Ice Age but all having a common ancestor who lived 20 to 30 thousand years ago.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Other MacGregor Lines: Back to Those Named MacGregor</span><br /><br />Kits 24470 and 11773 could well be related. Kit 17790 might belong to this group.<br />These 3 are in yellow.<br /><br />Kits 20123 and 1774 are related: this is almost certainly the Glengyle family. Denoted by blue.<br /><br />Kits 13429 to 22187 might well be related to each other more recently (by which I mean from 1603 to 1850). This is hard to prove without a better paper trail. This group is in green.<br /><br />Kit 4714 seems to be currently an isolated result and therefore connected more distantly in time (in the 15th century for example). This entry is white.<br /><br />Kits 3346 to 10454 seem to be very closely related, sharing the same DNA sequences for the most part with the Chief’s line. If these individual are not just examples of very ‘stable’ DNA then they must be related more closely to the Chief’s line and to each other. This group is given in light yellow.<br /><br />Kit 13165 may go with the above group or the ‘original’ Stirling group.<br /><br />Kits 12511 and 24029 may be related more directly to each other or they may be separate family groups. These two are in darker yellow.<br /><br />Kits 12596 to 26174 (in orange) appear to share common characteristics which may indicate family connections.<br /><br />Kits 12436 and 17711 (given in puce) are not directly related to each other but seem to be a wider and more ancient connection to the MacGregor group as discussed in the update before this one.<br /><br />This brings me on to those individuals in group R1b who are not immediately connected to the ‘original’ MacGregor line.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Part-takers/Those with Similar DNA</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Turk</span><br />The Turks (kits 11655 and 21757) are related to each other and have a resemblance to the MacGregor line. They are traditionally called after Brig o’ Turk in Perthshire where there has been a strong MacGregor presence for many centuries and where the Glengyle family had land at one time. The DNA suggests that the family origin story may indeed be accurate.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Greer2</span><br />The Greers 10589 and 35624 are related to each other almost certainly but not to the earlier Greer group. These could be descendants of Grierson of Lag in Dumfriesshire as suggested by the family genealogies.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Grigor?</span><br />The MacGregor/McGregor group from 2726 to 27811 have many general DNA matches with other surnames, but, are almost certainly from the same family. From paper evidence this would be a family using the surname Grigor and living in the vicinity of Perth in the 17th and 18th centuries. This group are coloured dark blue. Two of this group are known cousins.<br /><br />The next group of MacGregors/Greig/Gregg/McGhee are not related to each other and represent single families who have either adopted the name MacGregor or use the version now found. They share a common ancestor with the MacGregor line but before the development of surnames though there is still the possibility that the connection goes back only as far as the time of Kenneth MacAlpine.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">McAdams/Gregory/McGregor</span><br />Of the remaining results in this section McAdams 3133 and 9567 appear to be related; Gregorys 25690 and 36102 likewise; McGregor 29834 and 36394 are potentially related, and 7783 may be part of this group.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Grierson/Gregg/Grieg/MacGregor</span><br />The next group – from Grierson 7874 to Gregg 20673 have very close genetic similarities, which, from the paper trails, suggest a possible recent Irish origin and descent from a common ancestor pre surnames. The two Griersons 7874 and 33323 are almost certainly directly related post surname adoption. The same is true for Mc/MacGregors 4715, 2944, 17929 – a suggestion here of a second, smaller and more recent MacGregor surname origin which could bring in the Griersons too may give at least one reason for the persistent story of connection between Grierson and MacGregor.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">McAdams</span><br />The fours McAdams 16568 to 11256 are likewise probably similarly related to each other in recent time<br /><br />MacGregor 36727 and Gregg 20673 seem to be separate families though tied into the overall high level of connectedness pre surnames.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Foxton</span><br />Finally in the R1b sections there is the Foxtons who are not related to anyone else but ARE related to each other. These are given in yellow.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Orr</span><br />A new grouping, coloured in green, is the Orr family. I have mentioned these before in previous updates. Their haplogroup is not R1b but R1a , they are all related and have identified an Irish origin for the extended family. By the way, Orr 16713 is not of this family group unless there was an adoption or illegitimacy in that family.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">McAdams</span><br />Next we come to the two McAdams 3714 and 5223. These have identified a common ancestor but their actual DNA origin is from the comparatively rare haplogroup E3b suggesting an Eastern European or middle eastern origin. These families could descend from Roman auxiliaries or Neolithic farmers who had come into Britain.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Older Viking</span><br />The final group from Mitchell 36808 to MacGregor 31436 are not related to the main MacGregor lines or indeed any of the others so far mentioned, expect that they have an ‘older’ form of the DNA sequence associated with Haplotype I – the Viking group – but suggestive of a different settlement pattern than that of the Irish/NW Scotland group. Possibly the ancestors of these came into Eastern England/Scotland from different Norwegian origins than the earlier group.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkdz7RTxlI/AAAAAAAAAHw/andGNQ5KGm4/s1600-h/newtree37-905.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 253px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkdz7RTxlI/AAAAAAAAAHw/andGNQ5KGm4/s400/newtree37-905.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298799214498924114" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Chart A - DNA linkages (click to enlarge)</span></span><br /><span><br />Chart A above shows DNA linkages based on distance from each other. It is interesting to see which names group together. The bunching of Stirling is particularly significant showing a common time depth for origins. For the main line MacGregor, only the chiefly line (2124) is given.<br /><br />[McGre(g) is short for MacGregor, Stir for Stirling and Dougal for MacDougall of the Isles, McPet for McPeters, Grego for Gregory]</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">Earliest known ancestor detail for the new Stirling Group</span></span><br /><br />13635 - Feltus Barrow Stirling, Jr., earliest known ancestor Andrew Skirling, b. Kinnettles, ca 1714, married Jean Nevay ca 1735, d. Nov. 1780, interred Kirkton of Kinnettles. Descended through Andrew's son Alexander Stirling (bapt. 07 Jul 1751, Kinnettles), who emigrated prior to the American Revolution and eventually settled at West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana.<br /><br />16710 - Wayne L. Stirling, earliest known ancestor John Skirling, b. ca 1730, probably in Barry, Scotland, died aft. 1784, Barry or Panbride, Scotland. Descended through John Skirling's grandson, James (bapt. 17 Jul 1792, Panbride) who emigrated in to Upper Canada 1840 with his wife, Elizabeth Lawrence, and their children, Three of his brothers (George, Alexander and William), their wives and children emigrated at the same time.<br /><br />13678 - John Anderson Stirling, earliest known ancestor David Skirling, b. ca 1745, married Janet Wallace 01 Aug 1773, Dunnichen, d. 15 Mar 1798, Dunnichen. Family still living in Scotland, though branches did emigrate to New Zealand and the United States.<br /><br />23501 - William Stewart Stirling, earliest known ancestor James Stirling (or Skirling), b. ca 1740, married 26 Dec. 1773, Kinnettles, Margaret Whyte of Kinnettles, he was from Inverarity, d. before 1858. Family still living in Scotland, with some branches in the United States.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);">A Brief Discussion of the New Charts</span><br /><br />Note: The 25 marker charts (1 through 3) have all the results to date for writing (early August 2005). However some recently reported 37 upgrades have not yet been included in the 37 marker charts. These will appear in the 37 diagrams for the next update. It is necessary to fix a cut off point for updates or else they would never get done with the constant influx of results coming in.<br /><br />Table 2 lists all the 25 marker results I have in my hands to date except that where there are individuals sharing results (either exactly, or with very few mutations) I have grouped these all together into one ‘super result’ (for example 29MacG2124 – is 29 MacGregor results together within kit 2124 with mutations discounted).<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkZNDPi08I/AAAAAAAAAHo/tvTg7g-cInE/s1600-h/92005-table2.png"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 243px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkZNDPi08I/AAAAAAAAAHo/tvTg7g-cInE/s400/92005-table2.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298794148577596354" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Table 2 -25 Marker Results </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">(click to enlarge)</span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><br />This is to allow participants who do not fit into these ‘super groups’ to see where they lie. Thus Charts 1 and 2 are not specifically intended for members of the ‘supergroups’ but for the others. Most of these ‘supergroups’ have 37 marker results and therefore appear in the later charts (3, 4, and 5).<br /><br />Chart 2 fits onto the bottom of Chart 1. Chart 1 is the diagrammatic representation of the haplogroup R1b for members of the project. Most project members belong to this haplogroup. Note also the haplogroup E3b. This is a quite separate haplogroup distant from R1b – on the chart the connecting line from R1b has been foreshortened for space purposes making it look as if there is a shorter time distance between them.<br /><br />Note: In Charts 1 and 2, kits are identified by 3 letters of the surname and last three letters of the kit. The program only allows 6 letter identifiers. Usually, I will use the whole kit number.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkY34EpH1I/AAAAAAAAAHY/OYL8tFjFSKc/s1600-h/905-Chart1-R1b.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 285px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkY34EpH1I/AAAAAAAAAHY/OYL8tFjFSKc/s400/905-Chart1-R1b.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298793784801828690" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Chart 1 - Haplogroup R1b</span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (click to enlarge)</span></span><br /><br />Chart 2 shows members of the haplogroup R1a (always Orr) and haplogroup I – there are two branches of this haplogroup. The branch leading to Nevin, etc., is the ‘younger’ branch in Britain – supposed to be associated with the Viking invaders of the 9th century (to Ireland and the Western Isles).<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkY3gIf1lI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/j-FFe8oOp4I/s1600-h/905-Chart2-Vikings.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 285px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkY3gIf1lI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/j-FFe8oOp4I/s400/905-Chart2-Vikings.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298793778375546450" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Chart 2 - Haplogroups R1a and I </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">(click to enlarge)</span></span><br /><br />Chart 3 shows all the 37 marker results from the MacGregor project excluding those who match the bloodline and are called MacGregor. All these are ‘within’ the red star labelled 2124. What is remarkable is how dense the next layer out is called Stirling. Although Stirling was a known alias, I cannot currently explain the DNA similarity with the MacGregor line in so many cases.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkY3hmzYbI/AAAAAAAAAHI/TDqV4ji7Tbs/s1600-h/905-Chart3.JPG"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 285px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkY3hmzYbI/AAAAAAAAAHI/TDqV4ji7Tbs/s400/905-Chart3.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298793778771091890" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Chart 3 - 37 Marker Results: Excluding MacGregors</span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"> (click to enlarge)</span></span><br /><br />Chart 4, also 37 markers, is the full set of 37 results (but note that the computer programme only shows kit 2124 where the DNA match is exact - thus 2909, for example, matches 2124 exactly, so 2909 does not appear independently). The clustering effect of the MacGregor bloodline results (in a star-like pattern) is normal for strongly related results. The lower kits are named because they did not fit, for the most part, into Chart 3. The Gregory (?) is my indication that I am not sure why the program chose to place these results with effectively the Viking Group when the results themselves suggest membership of the R1b haplogroup.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkY3TsaDnI/AAAAAAAAAHA/ejZZPy9Miss/s1600-h/905-Chart4.JPG"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 285px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkY3TsaDnI/AAAAAAAAAHA/ejZZPy9Miss/s400/905-Chart4.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298793775036501618" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Chart 4 - 37 Markers: Full Set</span></span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">(click to enlarge)</span></span><br /><br />Chart 5 gives a labelled version of, primarily, the MacGregor main group. Again, exact matches are taken into the red circle for 2124. The circles SCO can be ignored . They refer to the process of contracting the connections between different results to avoid large numbers of lines on the page.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkY3awgAvI/AAAAAAAAAG4/jnNRk02QKJc/s1600-h/905-Chart5.JPG"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 285px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYkY3awgAvI/AAAAAAAAAG4/jnNRk02QKJc/s400/905-Chart5.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298793776932717298" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Chart 5 - MacGregor Main Group</span></span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">(click to enlarge)</span></span>MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-42177139795296392862005-02-03T21:05:00.008+00:002009-02-03T22:47:13.993+00:00Submitted GenealogiesBelow are the known genealogies of the 37 marker participants. There are some interesting PLACE tie ups which currently do not correspond with DNA, but of course a place can have different branches of the 'family' in it - as we showed in the 1787 children list for Balquhidder parish, printed in the CGS Newsletter 50. Further comment appreciated!<br /><br />Brief notes on the earliest known ancestry of DNA participants: if there is no information listed, then I have not been given it at this point.<br /><br />The order follows the updating chart which is the <a href="http://www.blogger.com/www.familytreedna.com/MacGregor/public">Family Tree DNA public web site for the MacGregor project</a>. Unless otherwise stated, all places referred to specifically in the text are in Scotland.<br /><hr /><br /><strong><em><span style="color:#003300;">Kit No:</span></em></strong><br /><strong><em><span style="color:#003300;"></span></em></strong><br />5356 descends from Alexander McGregor born 1818 Pennsylvania<br /><br />19304 from Daniel McGregor born 1819, married Elizabeth MacLachlan and connected to Kilmun parish, Argyllshire (family emigrated to the US).<br /><br />12189 is believed to descend from William Lowrie whose supposed son William married Isobel Craig in 1680 in Banff parish, (Scotland).<br /><br />24029 descends John McGregor, born 1766, died Nov 1847; and his wife Anne Lang, born 6 May 1766, died 22 Jan 1840. Their youngest son Alexander, born 9 April 1805 was my immigrant ancestor who came first to Ontario in 1842, later to USA. The earliest information about John McGregor came from a letter written by his grand daughter Eliza McGregor McKenzie in 1931 and later published in American Clan Gregor Society’s 1932 Yearbook: ‘My grandfather on my father’s side was John MacGregor, who was born in Scotland in 1766. On June 1, 1788, he married Anne Lang. Eight children were born to them: John bo. 1790 James. bo. 1792, Robert bo. 1794 (died when a baby), Robert 2nd bo. 1796, Mary bo. 1798, Jessie bo1800, Annie bo1802, Alexander bo. April 9, 1805, at Renton, Scotland<br /><br />7587 and 7183 descend from James MacGregor who married Maria Scott (possibly in 1853 at Wakefield) and emigrated to the US, and believed to descend from John (Mc)Gregor and Ann Dunn in Bankfoot Auchtergaven (son James who married Grizal or Grace Davidson).<br /><br />15199 descends from Gregor MacGregor born c1770 at Auchmore in Fortingall parish. The family emigrated to Canada and the US.<br /><br />1961 descends from Richard Gregory about 1580 from London8100 descends from James Gregory born c1700 in Scotland Note these two individuals are almost certainly related – both families are now in the US.<br /><br />8339 descends from Alexander Greer bo. 1780 North Carolina (and may descend from James Grier bo. 1708 Co Antrim Northern Ireland).<br /><br />10897 descends from Alexander MacGregor who married Margaret MacFarlane in 1847 in the Gorbals, Glasgow. Members of this family are now in France. This is almost certainly a Glencarnoch family (i.e. of the Chief’s line).<br /><br />10454 descends from Donald Roy MacGregor (married to Margaret MacGregor) who lived in Rannoch in the early nineteenth century. This family is now in the US.<br /><br />22187 is believed to descend from Patrick McGregor or Stirling born c1700, married Janet Fergusone: variously in Balquhidder/Callander/Kilmadock parishes. This family is now in England.<br /><br />12511 descends from John MacGregor born 1827 in Scotland, emigrated in 1852 to the US (New York).<br /><br />25633 descends from William McGregor who was a weaver/tailor in Glasgow, known as William The Weaver bo1791 in Perthshire, Scotland and d. 1871 in Peterboro, Ontario, Canada. Married 3 August, 1817 in Campsie, Stirling, Scotland Margaret Elizabeth [?] Taylor bo. 24 May, 1790 in Campsie, Stirling, Scotland d. 1892 in Peterboro, Ontario, Canada. They had four [4] sons and one [1] daughter. The sons were all apprenticed to a brother in Glasgow to serve as coopers. In the late 1800's the family emigrated to Peterboro, Ontario, Canada. William continued as a weaver/tailor but the sons all became farmers and emigrated from Canada to the United States.<br /><br />16858 descends from Malcolm McGregor born c1812 in Fortingall, he married Catherine Kennedy in Clunie parish and the family emigrated to the US.<br /><br />1774 is descended from the MacGregors of Glengyle (not Rob Roy’s branch). This family is now in the US.<br /><br />18760 is descended from Peter McGregor from Fowlis Wester (born c 1800) who married Elizabeth Muller or Miller and the family subsequently emigrated to the US.<br /><br />20123 descends from Angus MacGregor born c1850 in Fort William. This family subsequently emigrated to the US.<br /><br />24470 descends from James MacGregor bo. about 1760 in Muthill parish m. Katherine McNabb of Callander Parish July 2nd 1793 Children 1) Margaret bo. about 1795 m. Capt Donald Fraser - 1816 in Montreal, Canada; 2) Edward bo. ? in war of 1812 - 14. battle of Lundys Lane death ??; 3) Duncan b. 1800 d. 1884 at Fournier, Ontario. The family emigrated to Canada in 1800 to the Toronto area and owned 400 acres at Markham. They moved in 1823 to Glengarry area, reason unknown. Duncan m. Catherine Fraser from Glengarry cty, of Glen Roy.<br /><br />2124 is descended from the MacGregors of Glencarnoch (Chief’s line).<br /><br />2909 is descended from possibly Peter/Patrick (son Hugh Evan) who were from the late nineteenth century resident in Jamaica.<br /><br />3346 descends from James born 1760 in Weem parish and married at Jean Stewart in 1782 at Dull parish. This family still lives in Scotland.<br /><br />4714 this family is believed to descend from Duncan McGregor in Fortingall parish married to Chirsty Cameron in the late 18th century. This family now lives in England.<br /><br />9290 this MacGregor family using the alias Stirling descends from Robert Stirling born 1668 at Gateside of Glassingall, Dunblane parish to William Stirling (?d1688). Robert died in 1747. The family now lives in New Zealnd with branches still in Scotland.<br /><br />13429 descends from John McGregor 1828-1895 born Balnaguard, Dull parish. The family still lives in Scotland.<br /><br />2125 is believed to descend from Patrick Malloch or MacGregor who had a son John in Kenmore parish in 1729. This family is now in the US.<br /><br />12596 is descended from John McGregor born 1807 in Paisley, Renfrewshire (to parents John McGregor and Ann Watson), died 1871. This family is still in Scotland.<br /><br />17990 descends from Alexander McGregor who married Janet McGregor. They came from Lochearnside and moved in the early 18th century to Drummond Moss in central Scotland which was being drained at the time. This family is now in North America.<br /><br />16798 is descended from John McGregor who married Ann Stobie in Monzie in (1826). (John was the son of John Row? McGregor and Mary McDonald). This family is now in Australia.<br /><br />13621 a Stirling MacGregor shares the same ancestor as 38027 and 9290 above. Some of this family are in Scotland, others branches in Australia.<br /><br />Further notes on the Stirlings:<br />This McGregor family using the alias Stirling descends from Robert Stirling in Gateside of Glassingall parish of Dunblane. Robert's occupation bet 1693-1647 was as farmer in Gateside of Glassingall. He Died 22 May 1747 at Gateside of Glassingall, buried 24 May 1747 Dunblane Cathedral Churchyard in the Stirling lairs which are now under grass.<br /><br />Robert was an Elder and Treasurer of Dunblane Kirk, his son John was also Treasurer of the same Kirk.<br /><br />Kits 13621, 38027, and 9290 have the same ancestor; 13621 and 38027 descend from James, where as kit 9290 descends from Henry last child of Robert.<br /><br />Miltary Service. Robert's son James fought on the Jacobite side at Sheriffmuir the ancestor of 13621, 38027. James was in the Duke of Perth's men who failed to charged, so he charged with Alexander Drummond of Balhaldie (MacGregor} his relative, with the MacGregors, James was also at the battle of Prestopans in the 1745s.<br /><br />10589 descends from Nathaniel Hunt Greer born 1802 d1855 (?descended from Thomas Grier d. Pennsylvania 1790).<br /><br />2726 is descended from Alexander MacGregor who fought in the Revolutionary Wars in the US.<br /><br />27811 descends from James Grigor born in 1771: his parents may have been John Grigor and Janet Duff of Monidie, but it is difficult to connect, with certainty, from one generation to the next in the old parish registers. In 1804 James married Rebecca Richardson in the neighbouring parish of Redgorton. They had 5 children: John (1805), Isabell or Bell (1807), Jannet (1811), Gregor (1814) and Joseph (1818) all baptised in Monidie. James died in 1818 before the birth of Joseph. In 1839 Gregor married Jane Young in Auchtergaven. For most of his life, Gregor McGregor was gamekeeper at Dunkeld for the Duke and Duchess of Athol. At first the family lived in Dunkeld in a cottage called Tully Mully.<br /><br />[Comment: the DNA correspondence between 27811 and 2726 suggests that they share a common ancestor, presumably the father of Alexander MacGregor ancestor of 2726 or one of his immediate ancestors].<br /><br />28296's earliest known ancestor is William McGregor, who married Catherine McLaren in 1782 in Callander parish, and lived in Duncraggan. His great grandson, Duncan, immigrated to Sydney, Australia in 1887. It is believed that William was born William McComas in 1755 in Duncraggan, the son of Donald McComas and Janet Ferguson, who were married in Callander parish in 1744. Donald may possibly be the son of Thomas McComas and Marion McNie, born in 1719 in Duncraggan.<br /><br />9690 descends from Thomas Greig 1753-1833 Aberdeenshire (Rathen parish). This family is now in the US.<br /><br />17711 is descended from John MacGregor (bo. 1825) at Milnathort, Kinross and he married Johanna Susan Healey from near Dublin Ireland - all his biological children were from her. His second wife was Susanna Nauffts of Halifax, Nova Scotia John was son of Mary MacGregor (and ?Duncan, a carter). This family is now mainly in Canada.<br /><br />2363 and 4151 descend from John Callum married 1735 to Christian Harriwood in Keith Banffshire. The family (re)adopted the name McGregor in1778. This family now lives in England.<br /><br />19870 descends from William McGhee 1839-1916 Philadelphia County US.<br /><br />20630 descends from David Alexander Macgregor, born in Scotland in 1852 from Edinburgh via Carlisle with his father, James Ross Macgregor in 1854 The father, an engraver and experienced book binder, tried to expand his business in the US by engraving Christmas cards. James' father, David, was an Edinburgh artist whose paintings of ships hang in several museums including the art museum in Edinburgh. David's (James' father) wife was apparently a Mackenzie, the neice of Captain Donald Mackenzie, the celebrated soldier from the Crimean War and the Sepoy Rebellion.<br /><br />14973 descends from George Gregg 1740-c1786 Scotland. This family is now in the US.<br /><br />6376 descends from William Dowie born 1776 in Newburgh Fife (married Mary Smith). This family lives in England.<br /><br />3133, 9567, and 12683 are probably descended from the same individual. It is said that 3 brothers went to America about 1740 and lost track of each other. Tradition says they were military members of the Scottish ‘Black Watch’ regiment sent to the Orangethroup Colony in Georgia, or they came to the US from Ireland. Earliest known ancestor of 9567 and 12683 was Thomas McAdam born c1735 and lived in Washington Co. Tennessee, US and earliest known ancestor of 3133 is James McAdam born 1748 in Virginia, USA, but this family went there from Washington County. Member 23214 of the McAdams project is probably of this family.<br /><br />7874 is descended from John Grier born Parton Dumfries 1714. This family currently lives in Australia.<br /><br />7783 descends from Andrew McGregor (c1840 Fossoway-1903, married to Helen Taylor in 1861) the son of John McGregor (a cellarman) and Mary Whyte. This family now lives in England. NB this is not believed to be the same family as kit 17711, although the similarity of name and place is striking.<br /><br />6979 is descended from Thomas Gregg c1805-1871 Co Tipperary, Ireland. This family is now in the US.<br /><br />13403 descends from John McGregor born 1759 in the Highlands -c1823 (and married to Mary McMillan) who became a soldier and went to Canada where the family still lives.<br /><br />8857 is descended from a McAdams ancestor who emigrated to Texas from Armagh Ireland c1779. This individual and members 20224 and 21318 of the McAdams project appear to come from the same family group.<br /><br />5276 is descended from John McAdams born c1735 and married Sarah Sloss in 1754 in Pennsylvania, US.<br /><br />4715 is descended from Patrick McGregor born 1768/69 in Ireland, died 1841at Mains Dundee (through son Francis). This family has remained in Scotland.<br /><br />11255 and 11256 are descended from Robert McAdams who went to the US in 1774 – the documentation suggests that the family descend from the Craigengillan McAdams family of S.W. Scotland. 16568 is probably related to this family through another branch who came to Orange Co. from Lunenburg Co. (in the U.S.) in the 1770s. Also related to this family group are 20244, 20245 and 20225 in the McAdams project.<br /><br />3714 and 5223 descend from Thomas McAdams born before 1737 (d..c1766) in County Down, Ireland – the family emigrated first to Charleston, US in 1767.<br /><br />All the Orrs so far tested, with one in Ireland, appear to originate from the family of that name in Co. Donegal, Ireland.<br /><br />23729 descends from John Orr (b.1805 Donaghadee, County Down, N Ireland) and Eliza Nevin. John Orr and Eliza Nevin are likely descendants of Ulster Plantation settlers. The earliest reference found of Orrs living in County Down, N Ireland, was 1626. Almost all of the early settlers were from Ayrshire, Scotland.MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6234038630574162379.post-49731915968795963952005-02-03T18:07:00.007+00:002009-02-03T21:05:24.861+00:00Where are we now? Update #5This update concentrates exclusively on the 37 marker test results. The purpose is to show what we think we have learned so far about the genealogical connections which have been suggested by the results. The problem with mutations, as I have said elsewhere, is that they are, by and large, random but seem to stay constant within families. So if individuals with the same surname compare results it should be possible to observe groupings, particularly if the surname group comes from a small geographical area. The table of all the 37 results is given below.<br /><br /><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYiIzmCNBPI/AAAAAAAAAGA/pZU9TX7zrG8/s1600-h/2005table1.png"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298635381565883634" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 279px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYiIzmCNBPI/AAAAAAAAAGA/pZU9TX7zrG8/s400/2005table1.png" border="1" /></a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><strong>Table 1 - 37 Marker Comparison (click to enlarge)<br /></strong></span><br />In this order, as given by Family Tree DNA in the table of results (at <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/MacGregor/public">www.familytreedna.com/MacGregor/public</a>), those who are closest to each other in genetic terms are grouped together – most of the time. However, if there is a more unusual mutation, such as on the second marker where 24 for example becomes 23, then that person will appear to be quite distant from the larger group, since the 23 conditions position in the table. This is what has happened to kit 24029 in the MacGregor group and also 17041 in the Orr group. Both these individuals are clearly attached to their main surname groups as will be seen in the next charts and diagrams.<br /><br />In this update I have included, for the first time, an indication of the earliest known ancestor for each of the group members and this will be found at the end of this report. I am satisfied that this does not compromise anyone’s privacy since it is not possible to work out who each testee is unless he (or she) chooses to make him/herself known.<br /><br />The next table (Table 2) has been generated by an excellent online program created by Dean McGee with whom I have had correspondence, because there is a supposed link between McGehee and MacGregor (as yet unproved by DNA). This program uses the data provided by Family Tree DNA on mutation rates and calculates the time, in years, to the common ancestor. In this table I have only included DNA results which might be directly related by common MacGregor ancestor. The line in bold (on kit 2124) is the Glencarnoch MacGregor line (as of the present chiefs). I have used a 75% probability of relationship based on a generation length of 33 years. These are rather larger figures than other groups use but I have based it on known timeframes. So for example we know that the Stirlings [kit 9290] could have split off from the main line no later than 1680, and the Glengyle branch must be before c1500 [kit 1774].<br /><br /><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYiI1ic64-I/AAAAAAAAAGI/hEiP48rjwig/s1600-h/2005table2.png"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298635414963938274" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 306px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYiI1ic64-I/AAAAAAAAAGI/hEiP48rjwig/s400/2005table2.png" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Table 2 - McGehee/MacGregor Relationship (click to enlarge)<br /></span></strong><br />These figures should not be taken as implying definite dates since, as I have said often, mutations happen unpredictably and possibly according to changes in circumstances in ways we don’t fully understand yet. It has been suggested for example that the DNA of emigrant families is likely to show more mutations than those who remained in the home country. I have no idea if there is any scientific basis to this statement at all but if it IS correct, then the time frame to nearest common ancestor would be shorter.<br /><br />These charts were constructed using the computer program created by Fluxus Engineering. As I often say we must remember that is just one interpretation of the data by a computer program so, as always, the results can be interpreted in different ways. To counteract this I also give some other similar charts which suggest some slightly different interpretations of some of the data. By the way, the 'mv' points mentioned in the following discussion are essentially points where the DNA divides to go different ways. They can be thought of as points where two brothers diverged, although this is not strictly accurate (but possible).<br /><br />Chart 1 is 'rooted' in the ancestral DNA sequence associated with the hunter gatherers moving north and west to the Atlantic fringes, following the retreating ice – Spain, Basque country, Brittany, Ireland and Great Britain. This is called the Atlantic Modal Haplotype and is the most common DNA grouping in those countries. In the chart it is called ATLANT. Over time, two markers in the MacGregor group changed from having 11 repeats in the DNA sequence to having 10. These were marker 391 and 385a. On Chart 1 below, this point is labelled ‘Point of Common 10 10 Ancestor’. Individuals to the left of this are almost certainly descended from John Cam d..1390, son of Gregor, name father of the clan, or from his children.<br /><br /><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYiI1pn6FXI/AAAAAAAAAGQ/KhPEg2cs_OE/s1600-h/Jan05Chart1a.png"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298635416889070962" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 285px" alt="" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYiI1pn6FXI/AAAAAAAAAGQ/KhPEg2cs_OE/s400/Jan05Chart1a.png" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 1 - Atlantic Modal Haplotype (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br />The grouping of the entries on the chart suggests that there was a split of ancestral lines at the point labelled mv41. Since we know that kit 2124 is the line which includes Glencarnoch, and kit 1774 is Glengyle, this is consistent with a very early ancestral split, as the genealogies suggest. We can be fairly confident that kit 20123 is a Glengyle. The earliest known ancestor of 20123 lived in Kilmallie parish, Argyllshire, where there is now the intriguing possibility that the story of a grandson of Rob Roy being settled there is therefore correct, if this is the same family.<br />The next split occurs with kit 2125 and the testee here believes, but cannot prove, Roro family descent. IF this tree is correct and if 2125 is Roro then it would follow that all others after this would also be Roro. This is a very attractive idea but as I will show depends on 2125 being where it is, and this might not be correct.<br /><br />There may be a problem with the position of kit 4714 if their family belief in Roro descent is true. However since neither 2125 nor 4714 know for sure we need a testee to come forward who has definite documentary evidence for Roro connection in order to help verify this.<br /><br />There can be no doubt that kits 2909, 10897, and 16858 are either related to the Glencarnoch line directly ,or, share a more recent common ancestor with that line. Again a direct connection between kit 3346 and Glencarnoch is suggested by this chart. However, as you will see, other charts make this a slightly more distant relationship. Nevertheless a connection between the Macgregor line found in Weem parish in the late 18th century and the Stirlings who found their way to Dunblane by at least the 1670s, appears possible.<br /><br />An intriguing possibility is suggested at mv11 - that there was an earlier Gregor split which gave some Macgregors and some Greigs their connection, perhaps in the the 11th or 12th centuries. Then the split at mv5 could be where various clans have their joint kingly origins. This is very much speculation, BUT, the genetics does indicate common ancestries between clans - but the linking dates are not clear.<br /><br /><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYiI1omNPLI/AAAAAAAAAGY/NcycgMJ7GPQ/s1600-h/Jan05Chart2.png"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298635416613502130" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 285px" alt="" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYiI1omNPLI/AAAAAAAAAGY/NcycgMJ7GPQ/s400/Jan05Chart2.png" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 2 - Atlantic Modal Haplotype: Another View (click to enlarge)<br /></span></strong><br />So much for Chart 1. Chart 2 looks a little different. The Glengyle branch is omitted as well as all more distant MacGregor lines. The joining of tree lines in this chart suggests that there might have been an older split before that of Glencarnoch, and that the oldest MacGregor line here is preserved in the DNA of kit 4714 , with another older split at mv2 leading to kits 10897, 3346, the Stirlings (9290 + 13621), and 24029. As I said earlier, it's not possible yet to say for sure which interpretation is correct.<br /><br />Another significant difference in Chart 2 lies with 2125 which here comes out as a branch line, not a main trunk. Nevertheless if 2125 is Roro then so must all others after mv10 be also, except for possibly 13429 and 18760. It then follows from this chart, that Glengyle is a Roro offshoot. Clan historians think this is rather unlikely. Charts 1 and 2 imply that BOTH 2125 AND 4714 cannot be Roro as the genetic distance is too great.<br /><br />Charts 1 and 2 were prepared by Neil McGregor a project member in Australia. Chart 3 has been prepared by me. I have included a number of other 37 results for comparison.<br />Chart 3 is an 'unrooted' (see note) chart containing only group results. Again notice the nearness of the supposed Roro 2125 to Glengyle 1774.<br /><br /><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYiI19unV1I/AAAAAAAAAGg/iIyslVNR_oI/s1600-h/Jan05Chart4.png"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298635422285911890" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 309px" alt="" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYiI19unV1I/AAAAAAAAAGg/iIyslVNR_oI/s400/Jan05Chart4.png" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 3 - Unrooted Group Results (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br />An intriguing link, which is probably a 'red herring,' is the line connecting Glengyle, whose patronymic was McCoulkeir, that is 'son of Dougal ciar' and our Macdougall testee 21971. Apart from this the same basic groups are maintained as in Neil's charts. The earlier Macgregor split - above 4714 - is doubled in size (that is, includes twice as many people, but time distances, roughly represented by length of line, are rather longer.<br /><br />With the results currently available we can probably group together the following results: 3346 with the Stirling results - these lines may connect with Glencarnoch but we cannot be certain yet; 1774 and 20123 are almost certainly Glengyle; 2124, 2909, and 10897 appear to be Glencarnock - either that or 2909 and 10897 have very stable DNA! Roro is hardest to explain. If 2125 IS Roro then so should 18760, 22187, 16798, 12596, and 22187 be, BUT if 4714 is Roro then 3346, the Stirlings, and 24029 are this group.<br /><br />A possibility which can also be considered is that one of the proposed Roro groups is in fact a descendant group from the once numerous Gregor MacIan group - hereditary keepers of Kilchurn Castle under the Campbells in the 16th century.<br /><br />As I said, we need more testees with a knowledge of their MacGregor branch connection.<br />Note for Charts 2 and 3: a rooted chart is connected to a known external set of results, whereas unrooted uses ONLY members of a project group.<br /><br /><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYiI8ECtLxI/AAAAAAAAAGo/x938AV2jCo4/s1600-h/Jan05Chart5.png"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298635527060008722" style="WIDTH: 273px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 400px" alt="" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_xf8-qVB5bz4/SYiI8ECtLxI/AAAAAAAAAGo/x938AV2jCo4/s400/Jan05Chart5.png" border="1" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:85%;">Chart 4 - Genetic Distance (click to enlarge)</span></strong><br /><br />The final chart (Chart 4), which looks very much like a traditional tree, shows the distance ONLY between individuals on the basis of the number of DNA mutations which separate them. It therefore shouldn't be read exactly as a 'family tree'.<br /><br />What it shows is how near individuals are to each other in genetic time. Note that it suggests a closeness between 4151, 20630, and 5276 which is not correct. Otherwise it is fine except 2125 and 22185 are not quite as genetically close as it suggests. Compare the groupings with Charts 2 and 3 and there are similarities.MacGregor DNA Project Administratorhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06603881799825946479noreply@blogger.com0